Characteristics of and risk factors for COVID-19 breakthrough infections in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: results from the COVAD study
Issued Date
2025-02-01
Resource Type
eISSN
14620332
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85217518077
Pubmed ID
38430474
Journal Title
Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
Volume
64
Issue
2
Start Page
597
End Page
606
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Vol.64 No.2 (2025) , 597-606
Suggested Citation
Hoff L.S., Ravichandran N., Sen P., Day J., Joshi M., Nune A., Nikiphorou E., Saha S., Tan A.L., Shinjo S.K., Ziade N., Velikova T., Milchert M., Jagtap K., Parodis I., Gracia-Ramos A.E., Cavagna L., Kuwana M., Knitza J., Chen Y.M., Makol A., Agarwal V., Patel A., Pauling J.D., Wincup C., Barman B., Tehozol E.A.Z., Serrano J.R., Torre I.G.D.L., Colunga-Pedraza I.J., Merayo-Chalico J., Chibuzo O.C., Katchamart W., Goo P.A., Shumnalieva R., El Kibbi L., Halabi H., Vaidya B., Shaharir S.S., Hasan A.T.M.T., Dey D., Gutiérrez C.E.T., Caballero-Uribe C.V., Lilleker J.B., Salim B., Gheita T., Chatterjee T., Distler O., Saavedra M.A., Chinoy H., Agarwal V., Aggarwal R., Gupta L. Characteristics of and risk factors for COVID-19 breakthrough infections in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: results from the COVAD study. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Vol.64 No.2 (2025) , 597-606. 606. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keae128 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/105337
Title
Characteristics of and risk factors for COVID-19 breakthrough infections in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: results from the COVAD study
Author(s)
Hoff L.S.
Ravichandran N.
Sen P.
Day J.
Joshi M.
Nune A.
Nikiphorou E.
Saha S.
Tan A.L.
Shinjo S.K.
Ziade N.
Velikova T.
Milchert M.
Jagtap K.
Parodis I.
Gracia-Ramos A.E.
Cavagna L.
Kuwana M.
Knitza J.
Chen Y.M.
Makol A.
Agarwal V.
Patel A.
Pauling J.D.
Wincup C.
Barman B.
Tehozol E.A.Z.
Serrano J.R.
Torre I.G.D.L.
Colunga-Pedraza I.J.
Merayo-Chalico J.
Chibuzo O.C.
Katchamart W.
Goo P.A.
Shumnalieva R.
El Kibbi L.
Halabi H.
Vaidya B.
Shaharir S.S.
Hasan A.T.M.T.
Dey D.
Gutiérrez C.E.T.
Caballero-Uribe C.V.
Lilleker J.B.
Salim B.
Gheita T.
Chatterjee T.
Distler O.
Saavedra M.A.
Chinoy H.
Agarwal V.
Aggarwal R.
Gupta L.
Ravichandran N.
Sen P.
Day J.
Joshi M.
Nune A.
Nikiphorou E.
Saha S.
Tan A.L.
Shinjo S.K.
Ziade N.
Velikova T.
Milchert M.
Jagtap K.
Parodis I.
Gracia-Ramos A.E.
Cavagna L.
Kuwana M.
Knitza J.
Chen Y.M.
Makol A.
Agarwal V.
Patel A.
Pauling J.D.
Wincup C.
Barman B.
Tehozol E.A.Z.
Serrano J.R.
Torre I.G.D.L.
Colunga-Pedraza I.J.
Merayo-Chalico J.
Chibuzo O.C.
Katchamart W.
Goo P.A.
Shumnalieva R.
El Kibbi L.
Halabi H.
Vaidya B.
Shaharir S.S.
Hasan A.T.M.T.
Dey D.
Gutiérrez C.E.T.
Caballero-Uribe C.V.
Lilleker J.B.
Salim B.
Gheita T.
Chatterjee T.
Distler O.
Saavedra M.A.
Chinoy H.
Agarwal V.
Aggarwal R.
Gupta L.
Author's Affiliation
Specialized Medical Center
Faculty of Medicine and Health
Siriraj Hospital
UCL Division of Medicine
Graduate School of Medicine
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health
Bristol Medical School
NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali
Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital
Fauji Foundation Hospital
Hospital General de Occidente
Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital
Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth
Universidad del Norte
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Universidade Potiguar
North Bristol NHS Trust
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
University of Melbourne
University of Nigeria
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
Faculty of Medicine
University of Leeds, School of Medicine
University of Illinois College of Medicine
University College London
Mymensingh Medical College
King's College Hospital
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski
UniversitatsSpital Zurich
Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset
UMAE Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI
Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez
University of Ghana
King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre
Università degli Studi di Pavia
University Hospital Alexandrovska
King's College London
Maulana Azad Medical College
Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
Universidade de São Paulo
Birmingham City Hospital
The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust
Veterans General Hospital-Taichung Taiwan
Mayo Clinic
Royal Melbourne Hospital
Salford Royal Hospital
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Faculty of Medicine, UKM
Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals
National Center for Rheumatic Diseases
Enam Medical College and Hospital
Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital
Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College
Faculty of Medicine and Health
Siriraj Hospital
UCL Division of Medicine
Graduate School of Medicine
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health
Bristol Medical School
NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali
Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital
Fauji Foundation Hospital
Hospital General de Occidente
Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital
Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth
Universidad del Norte
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Universidade Potiguar
North Bristol NHS Trust
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
University of Melbourne
University of Nigeria
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
Faculty of Medicine
University of Leeds, School of Medicine
University of Illinois College of Medicine
University College London
Mymensingh Medical College
King's College Hospital
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski
UniversitatsSpital Zurich
Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset
UMAE Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI
Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez
University of Ghana
King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre
Università degli Studi di Pavia
University Hospital Alexandrovska
King's College London
Maulana Azad Medical College
Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
Universidade de São Paulo
Birmingham City Hospital
The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust
Veterans General Hospital-Taichung Taiwan
Mayo Clinic
Royal Melbourne Hospital
Salford Royal Hospital
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Faculty of Medicine, UKM
Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals
National Center for Rheumatic Diseases
Enam Medical College and Hospital
Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital
Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infections (BIs) in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) using data from the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) study. METHODS: A validated patient self-reporting e-survey was circulated by the COVAD study group to collect data on COVID-19 infection and vaccination in 2022. BIs were defined as COVID-19 occurring ≥14 days after two vaccine doses. We compared BI characteristics and severity among patients with IIMs, patients with other autoimmune rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases (AIRD, nrAID), and healthy controls (HCs). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the risk factors for BI, severe BI ,and hospitalizations among patients with IIMs. RESULTS: Among the 9449 included responses, BIs occurred in 1447 respondents (15.3%). The median age was 44 years [interquartile range (IQR) 21], 77.4% were female, and 182 BIs (12.9%) occurred among the 1406 patients with IIMs. Multivariable Cox regression among the data for patients with IIMs showed increasing age to be a protective factor for BIs [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99], and HCQ and SSZ use were risk factors (HR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.24-2.64, and HR = 3.79, 95% CI = 1.69-8.42, respectively). Glucocorticoid use was a risk factor for a severe BI (HR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.09-11.8). Non-white ethnicity (HR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.03-6.59) was a risk factor for hospitalization. Compared with other groups, patients with IIMs required more supplemental oxygen therapy (IIMs = 6.0% vs AIRDs = 1.8%, nrAIDs = 2.2% and HCs = 0.9%), intensive care unit admission (IIMs = 2.2% vs AIRDs = 0.6%, nrAIDs and HCs = 0%), advanced treatment with antiviral or monoclonal antibodies (IIMs = 34.1% vs AIRDs = 25.8%, nrAIDs = 14.6% and HCs = 12.8%) and had more hospitalization (IIMs = 7.7% vs AIRDs = 4.6%, nrAIDs = 1.1% and HCs = 1.5%). CONCLUSION: Patients with IIMs are susceptible to severe COVID-19 BIs. Age and immunosuppressive treatments were related to the risk of BIs.