Perceptions of Health Staff Regarding LGBTQ+ Individuals: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence

Abstract

Understanding health staff perceptions of LGBTQ+ individuals is crucial for improving healthcare quality and addressing health disparities. Discriminatory attitudes and lack of knowledge can negatively impact patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the perceptions of health staff regarding LGBTQ+ individuals. The PICO framework was used to guide the search strategy. Qualitative studies were systematically searched across online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL. Studies published from their inception to December 2024 were included. The quality assessment of the selected studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool for qualitative research. This review protocol is registered on PROSPERO under the ID CRD420250653610. A total of eight studies were included, revealing four major themes: (1) perceptions of training gaps and structural barriers, (2) perceptions of discrimination and stigma, (3) perceptions of challenges in providing LGBTQ+ inclusive care, and (4) perceptions of LGBTQ+ workplace culture and professional support. Findings highlight the urgent need for LGBTQ±inclusive healthcare policies, comprehensive training programs, and systemic reforms to enhance cultural competency, reduce disparities, and improve healthcare experiences for LGBTQ+ individuals. Addressing these challenges is essential to fostering inclusive, affirming, and equitable healthcare environments.