LHAASO-KM2A detector simulation using Geant4

Issued Date

2024-01-01

Resource Type

Article

ISSN

25099930

eISSN

25099949

DOI

10.1007/s41605-024-00467-8

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85192813670

Journal Title

Radiation Detection Technology and Methods

Rights Holder(s)

SCOPUS

Bibliographic Citation

Radiation Detection Technology and Methods (2024)

Suggested Citation

Cao Z., Aharonian F., An Q., Axikegu, Bai Y.X., Bao Y.W., Bastieri D., Bi X.J., Bi Y.J., Cai J.T., Cao Q., Cao W.Y., Cao Z., Chang J., Chang J.F., Chen A.M., Chen E.S., Chen L., Chen L., Chen L., Chen M.J., Chen M.L., Chen Q.H., Chen S.H., Chen S.Z., Chen T.L., Chen Y., Cheng N., Cheng Y.D., Cui M.Y., Cui S.W., Cui X.H., Cui Y.D., Dai B.Z., Dai H.L., Dai Z.G., Danzengluobu, Dong X.Q., Duan K.K., Fan J.H., Fan Y.Z., Fang J., Fang K., Feng C.F., Feng L., Feng S.H., Feng X.T., Feng Y.L., Gabici S., Gao B., Gao C.D., Gao L.Q., Gao Q., Gao W., Gao W.K., Ge M.M., Geng L.S., Giacinti G., Gong G.H., Gou Q.B., Gu M.H., Guo F.L., Guo X.L., Guo Y.Q., Guo Y.Y., Han Y.A., He H.H., He H.N., He J.Y., He X.B., He Y., Hor Y.K., Hou B.W., Hou C., Hou X., Hu H.B., Hu Q., Hu S.C., Huang D.H., Huang T.Q., Huang W.J., Huang X.T., Huang X.Y., Huang Y., Huang Z.C., Ji X.L., Jia H.Y., Jia K., Jiang K., Jiang X.W., Jiang Z.J., Jin M., Kang M.M., Ke T., Kuleshov D., Kurinov K., Li B.B., Li C., Li C., Li D. LHAASO-KM2A detector simulation using Geant4. Radiation Detection Technology and Methods (2024). doi:10.1007/s41605-024-00467-8 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/98407

Title

LHAASO-KM2A detector simulation using Geant4

Author(s)

Cao Z.
 Aharonian F.
 An Q.
 Axikegu
 Bai Y.X.
 Bao Y.W.
 Bastieri D.
 Bi X.J.
 Bi Y.J.
 Cai J.T.
 Cao Q.
 Cao W.Y.
 Cao Z.
 Chang J.
 Chang J.F.
 Chen A.M.
 Chen E.S.
 Chen L.
 Chen L.
 Chen L.
 Chen M.J.
 Chen M.L.
 Chen Q.H.
 Chen S.H.
 Chen S.Z.
 Chen T.L.
 Chen Y.
 Cheng N.
 Cheng Y.D.
 Cui M.Y.
 Cui S.W.
 Cui X.H.
 Cui Y.D.
 Dai B.Z.
 Dai H.L.
 Dai Z.G.
 Danzengluobu
 Dong X.Q.
 Duan K.K.
 Fan J.H.
 Fan Y.Z.
 Fang J.
 Fang K.
 Feng C.F.
 Feng L.
 Feng S.H.
 Feng X.T.
 Feng Y.L.
 Gabici S.
 Gao B.
 Gao C.D.
 Gao L.Q.
 Gao Q.
 Gao W.
 Gao W.K.
 Ge M.M.
 Geng L.S.
 Giacinti G.
 Gong G.H.
 Gou Q.B.
 Gu M.H.
 Guo F.L.
 Guo X.L.
 Guo Y.Q.
 Guo Y.Y.
 Han Y.A.
 He H.H.
 He H.N.
 He J.Y.
 He X.B.
 He Y.
 Hor Y.K.
 Hou B.W.
 Hou C.
 Hou X.
 Hu H.B.
 Hu Q.
 Hu S.C.
 Huang D.H.
 Huang T.Q.
 Huang W.J.
 Huang X.T.
 Huang X.Y.
 Huang Y.
 Huang Z.C.
 Ji X.L.
 Jia H.Y.
 Jia K.
 Jiang K.
 Jiang X.W.
 Jiang Z.J.
 Jin M.
 Kang M.M.
 Ke T.
 Kuleshov D.
 Kurinov K.
 Li B.B.
 Li C.
 Li C.
 Li D.

Author's Affiliation

State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection & Electronics
 Université Paris Cité
 Yunnan Observatories
 Nanjing University
 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
 Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
 Shandong University
 Yunnan University
 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
 Guangzhou University
 Tsinghua University
 Shanghai Jiao Tong University
 Sun Yat-Sen University
 University of Science and Technology of China
 Zhengzhou University
 Institiúid Ard-Lénn Bhaile Átha Cliath
 Sichuan University
 National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences
 Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
 Southwest Jiaotong University
 Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
 Hebei Normal University
 Tibet University
 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
 TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center

Corresponding Author(s)

Cao Z.

Other Contributor(s)

Mahidol University

Abstract

KM2A is one of the main sub-arrays of LHAASO, working on gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics at energies above 10 TeV. Detector simulation is the important foundation for estimating detector performance and data analysis. It is a big challenge to simulate the KM2A detector in the framework of Geant4 due to the need to track numerous photons from a large number of detector units (>6000) with large altitude difference (30 m) and huge coverage (1.3 km2). In this paper, the design of the KM2A simulation code G4KM2A based on Geant4 is introduced. The process of G4KM2A is optimized mainly in memory consumption to avoid memory overflow. Some simplifications are used to significantly speed up the execution of G4KM2A. The running time is reduced by at least 30 times compared to full detector simulation. The particle distributions and the core/angle resolution comparison between simulation and experimental data of the full KM2A array are also presented, which show good agreement.

Keyword(s)

Energy
 Physics and Astronomy

Availability

URI

https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/98407

Collections

Scopus 2024