Spatial variability of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in surface waters across clean, agricultural, and suburban zones in Thailand
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Issued Date
2025-12-01
Resource Type
eISSN
26660164
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105020708361
Journal Title
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Volume
12
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol.12 (2025)
Suggested Citation
Chuiprasert J., Piyaviriyakul P., Boontanon N., Wichatham K., Visvanathan C., Kurwadkar S., O'Carroll D.M., Boontanon S.K. Spatial variability of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in surface waters across clean, agricultural, and suburban zones in Thailand. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol.12 (2025). doi:10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101297 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/113011
Title
Spatial variability of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in surface waters across clean, agricultural, and suburban zones in Thailand
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent, bioaccumulative contaminants of emerging concern. However, their spatial distribution across land-use watersheds in Thailand remains poorly characterized. Understanding these patterns is essential for identifying sources and developing mitigation strategies. This study evaluated the occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks of 12 PFAS in upstream surface waters, typically considered pristine, and downstream areas impacted by human activities. Surface water samples were collected from 15 sites along the Chao Phraya River Basin (CPRB), the Lop Buri River (LBR), and an irrigation canal (IRR) supplying critical domestic and agricultural water. PFAS were extracted via solid-phase extraction and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Total PFAS concentrations ranged from below detection limits to 79.4 ng/L in CPRB (CP5), 30.3 ng/L in LBR (LB7), and 7.5 ng/L in IRR. Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) were the most frequently detected compounds. These results indicate that land use patterns, including industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and domestic inputs, strongly influenced spatial distributions of PFAS. These findings underscore the need for systematic PFAS monitoring to identify contamination sources, assess ecological risks, and develop targeted mitigation strategies to protect the surface and irrigation waters.