Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Residual Post-COVID Symptoms
Issued Date
2023-09-01
Resource Type
eISSN
2076393X
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85172255636
Journal Title
Vaccines
Volume
11
Issue
9
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Vaccines Vol.11 No.9 (2023)
Suggested Citation
Pongkunakorn T., Manosan T., Surawit A., Ophakas S., Mongkolsucharitkul P., Pumeiam S., Suta S., Pinsawas B., Sookrung N., Saelim N., Mahasongkram K., Prangtaworn P., Tungtrongchitr A., Tangjittipokin W., Mangmee S., Boonnak K., Narkdontri T., Teerawattanapong N., Wanitphadeedecha R., Mayurasakorn K. Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Residual Post-COVID Symptoms. Vaccines Vol.11 No.9 (2023). doi:10.3390/vaccines11091413 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/90295
Title
Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Residual Post-COVID Symptoms
Author's Affiliation
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Many patients develop post-acute COVID syndrome (long COVID (LC)). We compared the immune response of LC and individuals with post-COVID full recovery (HC) during the Omicron pandemic. Two hundred ninety-two patients with confirmed COVID infections from January to May 2022 were enrolled. We observed anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G, surrogate virus neutralization test, T cell subsets, and neutralizing antibodies against Wuhan, BA.1, and BA.5 viruses (NeuT). NeuT was markedly reduced against BA.1 and BA.5 in HC and LC groups, while antibodies were more sustained with three doses and an updated booster shot than ≤2-dose vaccinations. The viral neutralization ability declined at >84-days after COVID-19 onset (PC) in both groups. PD1-expressed central and effector memory CD4+ T cells, and central memory CD8+ T cells were reduced in the first months PC in LC. Therefore, booster vaccines may be required sooner after the most recent infection to rescue T cell function for people with symptomatic LC.