Transfersomal delivery of Centella asiatica promotes efficient excision wound healing in rats

Abstract

This study presents the development and evaluation of Centella Asiatica (CA)-loaded transfersomes (CANP) as a novel nanocarrier for transdermal delivery. CANP were prepared using an oil-in-water emulsion method, producing nanoparticles with a size of 135.22 ± 4.80 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.22 ± 0.01, and a zeta potential of -26.13 ± 0.58 mV. Stability tests confirmed consistent physicochemical properties under various storage conditions, with encapsulation efficiencies above 68% for madecassoside and 89% for asiaticoside. Ex vivo permeation studies using porcine skin showed significantly improved skin penetration compared to liposomes and niosomes, attributed to the high deformability index (1.31 ± 0.21 mg/cm2). In vitro cytotoxicity assays indicated cell viability above 80% across concentrations. Functionally, CANP reduced nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, demonstrating superior anti-inflammatory effects over native CA. CANP also promoted fibroblast proliferation and collagen production by 91.9% and 213.3% at days 7 and 14, respectively, exceeding vitamin C. Wound healing assays confirmed enhanced fibroblast migration and closure rates similar to fibroblast growth factor. In vivo, CANP hydrogels accelerated healing, with early fibroblast activity and collagen deposition between days 7-14, supporting epithelial regeneration over 21 days. Compared to controls, they more effectively reduced inflammation and increased dermal growth factor expression. These findings support CANP as a promising transdermal nanocarrier with enhanced skin penetration, anti-inflammatory activity, and regenerative potential. Encapsulating CA into transfersomes boosts its therapeutic efficacy, making it a strong candidate for advanced dermal applications.