Evolution of long-term vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens
Issued Date
2023-03-10
Resource Type
ISSN
26666359
eISSN
26666340
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85149678205
Pubmed ID
36863347
Journal Title
Med
Volume
4
Issue
3
Start Page
191
End Page
215.e9
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Med Vol.4 No.3 (2023) , 191-215.e9
Suggested Citation
Moore S.C., Kronsteiner B., Longet S., Adele S., Deeks A.S., Liu C., Dejnirattisai W., Reyes L.S., Meardon N., Faustini S., Al-Taei S., Tipton T., Hering L.M., Angyal A., Brown R., Nicols A.R., Dobson S.L., Supasa P., Tuekprakhon A., Cross A., Tyerman J.K., Hornsby H., Grouneva I., Plowright M., Zhang P., Newman T.A.H., Nell J.M., Abraham P., Ali M., Malone T., Neale I., Phillips E., Wilson J.D., Murray S.M., Zewdie M., Shields A., Horner E.C., Booth L.H., Stafford L., Bibi S., Wootton D.G., Mentzer A.J., Conlon C.P., Jeffery K., Matthews P.C., Pollard A.J., Brown A., Rowland-Jones S.L., Mongkolsapaya J., Payne R.P., Dold C., Lambe T., Thaventhiran J.E.D., Screaton G., Barnes E., Hopkins S., Hall V., Duncan C.J.A., Richter A., Carroll M., de Silva T.I., Klenerman P., Dunachie S., Turtle L. Evolution of long-term vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens. Med Vol.4 No.3 (2023) , 191-215.e9. 215.e9. doi:10.1016/j.medj.2023.02.004 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/82362
Title
Evolution of long-term vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens
Author(s)
Moore S.C.
Kronsteiner B.
Longet S.
Adele S.
Deeks A.S.
Liu C.
Dejnirattisai W.
Reyes L.S.
Meardon N.
Faustini S.
Al-Taei S.
Tipton T.
Hering L.M.
Angyal A.
Brown R.
Nicols A.R.
Dobson S.L.
Supasa P.
Tuekprakhon A.
Cross A.
Tyerman J.K.
Hornsby H.
Grouneva I.
Plowright M.
Zhang P.
Newman T.A.H.
Nell J.M.
Abraham P.
Ali M.
Malone T.
Neale I.
Phillips E.
Wilson J.D.
Murray S.M.
Zewdie M.
Shields A.
Horner E.C.
Booth L.H.
Stafford L.
Bibi S.
Wootton D.G.
Mentzer A.J.
Conlon C.P.
Jeffery K.
Matthews P.C.
Pollard A.J.
Brown A.
Rowland-Jones S.L.
Mongkolsapaya J.
Payne R.P.
Dold C.
Lambe T.
Thaventhiran J.E.D.
Screaton G.
Barnes E.
Hopkins S.
Hall V.
Duncan C.J.A.
Richter A.
Carroll M.
de Silva T.I.
Klenerman P.
Dunachie S.
Turtle L.
Kronsteiner B.
Longet S.
Adele S.
Deeks A.S.
Liu C.
Dejnirattisai W.
Reyes L.S.
Meardon N.
Faustini S.
Al-Taei S.
Tipton T.
Hering L.M.
Angyal A.
Brown R.
Nicols A.R.
Dobson S.L.
Supasa P.
Tuekprakhon A.
Cross A.
Tyerman J.K.
Hornsby H.
Grouneva I.
Plowright M.
Zhang P.
Newman T.A.H.
Nell J.M.
Abraham P.
Ali M.
Malone T.
Neale I.
Phillips E.
Wilson J.D.
Murray S.M.
Zewdie M.
Shields A.
Horner E.C.
Booth L.H.
Stafford L.
Bibi S.
Wootton D.G.
Mentzer A.J.
Conlon C.P.
Jeffery K.
Matthews P.C.
Pollard A.J.
Brown A.
Rowland-Jones S.L.
Mongkolsapaya J.
Payne R.P.
Dold C.
Lambe T.
Thaventhiran J.E.D.
Screaton G.
Barnes E.
Hopkins S.
Hall V.
Duncan C.J.A.
Richter A.
Carroll M.
de Silva T.I.
Klenerman P.
Dunachie S.
Turtle L.
Author's Affiliation
UK Health Security Agency
Siriraj Hospital
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
The Francis Crick Institute
University of Cambridge
University of Oxford
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
University College London
University of Liverpool
Imperial College Faculty of Medicine
University of Birmingham
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Newcastle University
University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division
The University of Sheffield
The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Siriraj Hospital
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
The Francis Crick Institute
University of Cambridge
University of Oxford
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
University College London
University of Liverpool
Imperial College Faculty of Medicine
University of Birmingham
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Newcastle University
University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division
The University of Sheffield
The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background: Both infection and vaccination, alone or in combination, generate antibody and T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the maintenance of such responses—and hence protection from disease—requires careful characterization. In a large prospective study of UK healthcare workers (HCWs) (Protective Immunity from T Cells in Healthcare Workers [PITCH], within the larger SARS-CoV-2 Immunity and Reinfection Evaluation [SIREN] study), we previously observed that prior infection strongly affected subsequent cellular and humoral immunity induced after long and short dosing intervals of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccination. Methods: Here, we report longer follow-up of 684 HCWs in this cohort over 6–9 months following two doses of BNT162b2 or AZD1222 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) vaccination and up to 6 months following a subsequent mRNA booster vaccination. Findings: We make three observations: first, the dynamics of humoral and cellular responses differ; binding and neutralizing antibodies declined, whereas T and memory B cell responses were maintained after the second vaccine dose. Second, vaccine boosting restored immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels; broadened neutralizing activity against variants of concern, including Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5; and boosted T cell responses above the 6-month level after dose 2. Third, prior infection maintained its impact driving larger and broader T cell responses compared with never-infected people, a feature maintained until 6 months after the third dose. Conclusions: Broadly cross-reactive T cell responses are well maintained over time—especially in those with combined vaccine and infection-induced immunity (“hybrid” immunity)—and may contribute to continued protection against severe disease. Funding: Department for Health and Social Care, Medical Research Council.