Embracing neurodiversity: shifting from deficit-based model to strength-based model

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders highlights the need for a paradigm shift from a deficit-based model to a strength-based model. This perspective provides a conceptual discussion of the neurodiversity paradigm. The traditional medical model views the neurodevelopmental disorders as impairments, which often leads to stigma and social exclusion. In contrast, the neurodiversity paradigm, such as the strength-based model of neurodiversity, values the cognitive differences and leverages the unique strengths of individuals with neurodiversity, hence promoting inclusion. Applying this model in clinical, educational, and workplace settings enhances well-being, self-determination, and productivity. However, in Asia cultural emphasis on conformity, stigma surrounding mental health, and limited awareness hinder the adoption of neurodiversity-affirming practices. Promoting neurodiversity in Asia requires anti-stigma initiatives, policy reforms, and increased public education to foster inclusion. Future research should focus on identifying strengths, evaluating neurodiversity strategies, and assessing their impact on mental health. Early adoption of the neurodiversity approach can mitigate psychosocial challenges and support the development of individuals with neurodiversity, ultimately fostering a more inclusive society.