Immediate Effects of Pencil Push-Up Exercise on Visual Accommodation Skills in Amateur Badminton Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Issued Date
2024-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
1875399X
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85199886275
Journal Title
Open Sports Sciences Journal
Volume
17
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Open Sports Sciences Journal Vol.17 (2024)
Suggested Citation
Pokaisasawan A., Ramyarangsi P., Thichanpiang P., Jamkrajang P., Mills A., Jenchitr W., Ajjimaporn A. Immediate Effects of Pencil Push-Up Exercise on Visual Accommodation Skills in Amateur Badminton Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Open Sports Sciences Journal Vol.17 (2024). doi:10.2174/011875399X298138240508062203 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/100243
Title
Immediate Effects of Pencil Push-Up Exercise on Visual Accommodation Skills in Amateur Badminton Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Author's Affiliation
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background: Visual skills are crucial for peak athletic performance, with Visual Accommodation (VA) playing a vital role. However, the immediate effects of interventions on VA in sports remain unclear. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of a 10-minute Pencil Push-Up (PPU) exercise on VA skills in amateur badminton players. Methods: A two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted with twenty-eight amateur badminton players. Participants were matched by age, duration, and frequency of badminton practice, as well as visual health, and randomly assigned to either a Trained Group (TG) or an untrained group (NT). The TG performed a 10-minute PPU exercise, while the NT rested with closed eyes for the same duration. VA parameters, including Amplitude of Accommodation (AA), Accommodative Facility (AF), and Near Point of Convergence (NPC), were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Significant improvements in AA and AF were observed in the TG from pre-to post-intervention (AA: p < .0001, Cohen's d = 1.68; AF: p < .0001, Cohen's d = 3.10). However, no significant changes were observed in NPC (p= .45, Cohen's d =0.60). Furthermore, the TG exhibited greater improvements in AA and AF compared to the NT at post-intervention (AA: 95%CI= [-2.812 to-0.2314], p = .02; AF: 95%CI= [-8.363 to-3.680], p < .0001). No changes were observed in the NT group. Conclusion: A single session of pencil push-up exercise acutely enhanced visual accommodation skills, specifically amplitude of accommodation and accommodative facility, in amateur badminton players. This suggests that visual accommodation training methods like pencil push-ups could improve visual performance in sports. Clinical Trials Registry: TCTR20240531002 (https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20240531002).