Recent strategies for microbial detection using bio-conjugate micro/nanoparticles

Abstract

The advances in bioconjugate micro and nanotechnologies have significantly enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use in detection methods. Among these, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as particularly valuable tools. The efficiency of microbial capture with MNPs hinges on specific biomolecules attached to their surface, which bind selectively to target pathogens. These biomolecules include specific antibodies, molecular probes, and other ligands tailored to the microbe of interest. The sensitivity and specificity of microbial detection tests are greatly enhanced through surface functionalization. For molecular detection, additional components like beacon probes specific to target genes can be integrated into the detection process, enabling precise identification of microbial species. Current strategies in microbial enrichment and detection using bioconjugate micro/nanoparticles encompass various pathogens, including bacteria, parasites, and viruses. These technologies not only streamline detection processes but also hold promise for future applications in point-of-care diagnostics using biosensors and fluidic devices. Therefore advancements in bioconjugated micro/nanoparticles for microbial detection are paving the way for more effective, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic tools. Future research directions are focused on expanding the capabilities of these technologies to enable widespread use in clinical settings and beyond.