Global seroprevalence of Zika virus in asymptomatic individuals: A systematic review
Issued Date
2024-04-01
Resource Type
eISSN
19352735
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85191900247
Pubmed ID
38630843
Journal Title
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
Volume
18
Issue
4
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.18 No.4 (2024) , e0011842
Suggested Citation
Saba Villarroel P.M., Hamel R., Gumpangseth N., Yainoy S., Koomhin P., Missé D., Wichit S. Global seroprevalence of Zika virus in asymptomatic individuals: A systematic review. PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.18 No.4 (2024) , e0011842. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011842 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/98261
Title
Global seroprevalence of Zika virus in asymptomatic individuals: A systematic review
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread to five of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Given the substantial number of asymptomatic infections and clinical presentations resembling those of other arboviruses, estimating the true burden of ZIKV infections is both challenging and essential. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence studies of ZIKV IgG in asymptomatic population to estimate its global impact and distribution. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted extensive searches and compiled a collection of articles published from Jan/01/2000, to Jul/31/2023, from Embase, Pubmed, SciELO, and Scopus databases. The random effects model was used to pool prevalences, reported with their 95% confidence interval (CI), a tool to assess the risk of study bias in prevalence studies, and the I2 method for heterogeneity (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023442227). Eighty-four studies from 49 countries/territories, with a diversity of study designs and serological tests were included. The global seroprevalence of ZIKV was 21.0% (95%CI 16.1%-26.4%). Evidence of IgG antibodies was identified in all WHO regions, except for Europe. Seroprevalence correlated with the epidemics in the Americas (39.9%, 95%CI:30.0-49.9), and in some Western Pacific countries (15.6%, 95%CI:8.2-24.9), as well as with recent and past circulation in Southeast Asia (22.8%, 95%CI:16.5-29.7), particularly in Thailand. Additionally, sustained low circulation was observed in Africa (8.4%, 95%CI:4.8-12.9), except for Gabon (43.7%), and Burkina Faso (22.8%). Although no autochthonous transmission was identified in the Eastern Mediterranean, a seroprevalence of 16.0% was recorded. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The study highlights the high heterogeneity and gaps in the distribution of seroprevalence. The implementation of standardized protocols and the development of tests with high specificity are essential for ensuring a valid comparison between studies. Equally crucial are vector surveillance and control methods to reduce the risk of emerging and re-emerging ZIKV outbreaks, whether caused by Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus or by the Asian or African ZIKV.