Myanmar Articulation, Resonation, Nasal Emission, and Nasal Turbulence Test: A Preliminary Study
Issued Date
2022-10-18
Resource Type
ISSN
22346163
eISSN
22346171
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85174825357
Journal Title
Archives of Plastic Surgery
Volume
50
Issue
5
Start Page
468
End Page
477
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.50 No.5 (2022) , 468-477
Suggested Citation
Makarabhirom K., Prathanee B., Rattanapitak A. Myanmar Articulation, Resonation, Nasal Emission, and Nasal Turbulence Test: A Preliminary Study. Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.50 No.5 (2022) , 468-477. 477. doi:10.1055/s-0043-1771522 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/90887
Title
Myanmar Articulation, Resonation, Nasal Emission, and Nasal Turbulence Test: A Preliminary Study
Author(s)
Author's Affiliation
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background: This article describes the development of the Myanmar Articulation, Resonation, Nasal Emission, and Nasal Turbulence test for children with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and evaluation of its validity and reliability. Methods: It was created by three Thai researchers and a Burmese research assistant based on Burmese phonology. The content validity was evaluated by six Burmese language experts. All test items were divided into three groups: high-pressure oral consonants, low-pressure oral consonants, and nasal consonants. Results: All items (58-word and 32-phrase/sentence) gave an excellent level of the expert agreement (item-level content validity indexes = 1.00). The target items were illustrated as color pictures. Each picture was clearly drawn and easy to identify. As a pilot study of face validity, all pictures were administered to 10 typical-developing children. The actual testing was assessed by 10 CLP children, and the developed test was analyzed through consultation of the Burmese teachers and interpreters from a speech camp. Testing scores for a total including three groups of target items were shown acceptable for internal consistency reliability (ranged from 0.4 to 0.88). Conclusion: The constructed test is valid in terms of its content.