Epstein-Barr Virus Detection and LMP-1 Expression in Thai Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background: To date, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is primarily linked to oropharyngeal carcinoma, but only a small subset of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is truly driven by high-risk HPV. In addition, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is another potential oncogenic virus for OSCC development. This study aims to investigate the role of EBV infection in Thai patients with OSCC. Methods: Forty-seven formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of OSCC were obtained. EBV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis using primers for LMP-1 region of EBV. EBV-positive OSCC cases were subjected to LMP-1 immunohistochemical analysis and EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization to determine EBV cellular localization in OSCC. LMP-1 immunohistochemical analysis was also performed in all EBV-negative OSCC cases. Results: Of the 47 OSCC specimens, ten (21%) exhibited EBV DNA by PCR analysis. Seven of ten (70%) EBV-positive specimens showed high-grade LMP-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. However, no EBER expression was detected in all EBV-positive OSCC specimens. In EBV-negative specimens, LMP-1 was also negative except in 3 specimens which showed low grade expression of LMP-1. Conclusion: The prevalence of EBV infection in OSCC in this group of Thai patients was 21%. Most of EBV-positive OSCC cases showed LMP-1 expression but a lack of EBER expression. From our findings, we presume that EBV may take some roles in OSCC development in this group of participants.