Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Review
1
Issued Date
2022-10-01
Resource Type
eISSN
19994915
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85140634842
Pubmed ID
36298710
Journal Title
Viruses
Volume
14
Issue
10
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Viruses Vol.14 No.10 (2022)
Suggested Citation
Harapan H., Ophinni Y., Megawati D., Frediansyah A., Mamada S.S., Salampe M., Bin Emran T., Winardi W., Fathima R., Sirinam S., Sittikul P., Stoian A.M., Nainu F., Sallam M. Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses Vol.14 No.10 (2022). doi:10.3390/v14102155 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/84892
Title
Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Review
Author's Affiliation
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
School of Medicine
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
Universitas Warmadewa
Institutionen för Translationell Medicin
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar
WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Hasanuddin University
Jordan University Hospital
Daffodil International University
UC Davis School of Medicine
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MU College of Veterinary Medicine
BGC Trust University Bangladesh
School of Medicine
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
Universitas Warmadewa
Institutionen för Translationell Medicin
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar
WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Hasanuddin University
Jordan University Hospital
Daffodil International University
UC Davis School of Medicine
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MU College of Veterinary Medicine
BGC Trust University Bangladesh
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
The 2022 multi-country monkeypox outbreak in humans has brought new public health adversity on top of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The disease has spread to 104 countries throughout six continents of the world, with the highest burden in North America and Europe. The etiologic agent, monkeypox virus (MPXV), has been known since 1959 after isolation from infected monkeys, and virulence among humans has been reported since the 1970s, mainly in endemic countries in West and Central Africa. However, the disease has re-emerged in 2022 at an unprecedented pace, with particular concern on its human-to-human transmissibility and community spread in non-endemic regions. As a mitigation effort, healthcare workers, public health policymakers, and the general public worldwide need to be well-informed on this relatively neglected viral disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of monkeypox, including the following aspects: epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. In addition, the current review discusses the preventive and control measures, the latest vaccine developments, and the future research areas in this re-emerging viral disease that was declared as a public health emergency of international concern.