From the Iberian Peninsula to the Chao Phraya River: Diplomatic Relations Between Thailand and Spain in the Early Cold War (1947–1957)

Abstract

Background and Objectives: During the early Cold War, Thailand and Spain faced comparable political circumstances, leading to the renewal of the diplomatic relations that had remained largely inactive since the reign of King Rama V. This research aims to study the diplomatic relations between the two states from 1947 to 1957, during which both countries pursued a strategy of bandwagoning diplomacy to gain recognition from the superpowers of the free world and to secure aid in the fight against the threat of communism. Methods: The research used the historical method through documentary analysis, using relevant documents to support a descriptive and analytical report presentation by utilizing primary sources from the National Archives of Thailand and the General Archive of the Administration of the Spanish Government as the main sources. Results: After the end of the Second World War, both Thailand and Spain were under dictatorial governments, which were not recognized by the superpower nations. Therefore, both nations sought to gain support—particularly financial aid— to restore their nations. Simultaneously, communism was expanding its influence worldwide, prompting the free world—especially led by the United States (U. S.)—to recognize the strategic importance of endorsing the status of Thailand and Spain. As a result, the U.S. found it necessary to provide aid to both nations to help them resist the communist threat. In response, Thailand and Spain pursued the foreign policies that served the interests of the U.S. in exchange for various forms of assistance. To achieve that goal, both nations adopted bandwagoning diplomacy, signaling their readiness to align their policies with those of the U.S. This approach laid the foundation for their bilateral relations during the Cold War, as both nations shared the common policy of supporting the free world and resisting communism. Application of this study: This research examined international relations during the early Cold War and it applies to the study of Cold War history in Thailand and Spain, focusing on how both nations chose to cooperate with each other within the Cold War context. Conclusions: The relationship between Thailand and Spain during the early Cold War emerged as both nations adopted bandwagoning diplomacy, aligning with the U.S. and collaborating with free world nations. As a result, Thailand and Spain worked to reconcile their relations. The decision to establish the Spanish Embassy in Bangkok, followed by the Thai Embassy in Madrid, marked the significant step in reinforcing their diplomatic relations. Moreover, Thailand supported Spain’s bid for the United Nations membership, while Spain contributed by offering scholarships to Thai students and allowing naval cadets to study at the Spanish Naval Military Academy. Over time, their relationship continued to develop, ultimately leading them to become security partners.