Stability, in vitro release, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of standardized crude extracts, isolated compounds, and their nano-liposomes derived from Syzygium campanulatum Korth using Sprague-Dawley rats
1
Issued Date
2026-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
03639045
eISSN
15205762
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105032816932
Pubmed ID
41725405
Journal Title
Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy (2026)
Suggested Citation
Hakeem Memon A., Memon O., Rahman A.U., Khan M., Lashari H.M., Suheryani I., Esa M., Khalil A.A.K., Jahan S. Stability, in vitro release, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of standardized crude extracts, isolated compounds, and their nano-liposomes derived from Syzygium campanulatum Korth using Sprague-Dawley rats. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy (2026). doi:10.1080/03639045.2026.2631666 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/115858
Title
Stability, in vitro release, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of standardized crude extracts, isolated compounds, and their nano-liposomes derived from Syzygium campanulatum Korth using Sprague-Dawley rats
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to leverage nano-liposomes (NLs) for optimizing the solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profiles of 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,8-dimethyl flavanone (7-HMDF), 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-flavanone (HMF), 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy- 3,5-dimethylchalcone (DMC), betulinic acid (BA), and ursolic acid (UA) derived from the standardized ethanol extract (EE) and supercritical fluid extract (SFE) of Syzygium campanulatum Korth leaves. Significance: This study provides a comprehensive/validated approach for the nano-pharmaceutical development of poorly bioavailable phytomedicines. Methods: NLs encapsulating BA, DMC, EE, and SFE were prepared (thin-film hydration method), optimized, and subsequently characterized. Besides, 6-months stability test, NL-EE and NL-SFE also underwent oral pharmacokinetic evaluation using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Results: HPLC analysis revealed higher concentration of marker compounds within SFE as compared to EE and in silico ADME-Tox profiling predicted safe and favourable pharmacokinetics of those marker compounds. Additionally, NLs demonstrated optimum size (70 238nm), polydispersity index (0.250.43), zeta potential (-28 to -49 mV), encapsulation efficiency (4065%), in vitro drug release, and six months stability. Shelf-life was temperature-dependent, with BA stable at 25°C and DMC moderately stable, but both declined sharply at 60 °C. NLs encapsulation noticeably increased the aqueous solubility of the marker compounds by 50%. Finally, in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation confirmed the presence of 7-HMDF, HMF, and DMC in rats’ plasma, indicating improved absorption, prolonged circulation, enhanced bioavailability, and sustained release of NLs as compared to their non-liposomal counterparts (EE/SFE). Conclusions: NL encapsulation significantly enhanced the solubility, entrapment efficiency, oral bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profiles of 7-HMDF, HMF, and DMC from S. campanulatum extracts, demonstrating NLs as promising drug delivery systems.