Development and efficacy of tryptophol-containing emulgel for reducing subcutaneous fungal nodules from Scedosporium apiospermum eumycetoma
Issued Date
2022-11-01
Resource Type
ISSN
17355362
eISSN
17359414
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85145003156
Journal Title
Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Volume
17
Issue
6
Start Page
707
End Page
722
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.17 No.6 (2022) , 707-722
Suggested Citation
Kitisin T., Muangkaew W., Ampawong S., Sansurin N., Thitipramote N., Sukphopetch P. Development and efficacy of tryptophol-containing emulgel for reducing subcutaneous fungal nodules from Scedosporium apiospermum eumycetoma. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.17 No.6 (2022) , 707-722. 722. doi:10.4103/1735-5362.359437 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/86824
Title
Development and efficacy of tryptophol-containing emulgel for reducing subcutaneous fungal nodules from Scedosporium apiospermum eumycetoma
Author's Affiliation
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Subcutaneous infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum present as chronic eumycetomatous manifestations in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Serious adverse effects/toxicities from the long-term use of antifungal drugs and antifungal resistance have been reported in patients with S. apiospermum infections. The present study aimed to determine the anti-S. apiospermum activities of fungal quorum sensing molecule known as tryptophol (TOH) and to develop a TOH-containing emulgel for treating S. apiospermum eumycetoma. Experimental approach: Anti-S. apiospermum activities of TOH were determined and compared with voriconazole. Effects of TOH on S. apiospermum biofilm formation and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF)-1 cell cytotoxicity were determined. Moreover, TOH-containing emulgel was developed and physical properties, in vitro, and in vivo antifungal activities against S. apiospermum eumycetoma were evaluated. Findings/Results: The minimal concentration of TOH at 100 μM exhibited anti-S. apiospermum activities by reducing growth rate, germination rate, and biofilm formation with less cytotoxicity to HFF-1 cells than voriconazole. Further study on the development of an emulgel revealed that TOH-containing emulgel exhibited excellent physical properties including homogeneity, consistency, and stability. Treatment by TOH-containing emulgel significantly reduced subcutaneous mass in a mouse model of S. apiospermum eumycetoma. The histopathological assessment showed marked improvement after 14 days of TOH-containing emulgel treatment. Conclusion and implications: TOH could be used as an anti-fungal agent against S. apiospermum infections. A novel and stable TOH-containing emulgel was developed with excellent anti-S. apiospermum activities suggesting the utilization of TOH-containing emulgel as an innovative therapeutic approach in the treatment of S. apiospermum eumycetoma.