Incidence, risk factors, and temporal trends of penile cancer: a global population-based study
Issued Date
2023-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
14644096
eISSN
1464410X
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85178488644
Pubmed ID
37953505
Journal Title
BJU International
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
BJU International (2023)
Suggested Citation
Huang J., Chan S.C., Pang W.S., Liu X., Zhang L., Lucero-Prisno D.E., Xu W., Zheng Z.J., Ng A.C.F., Necchi A., Spiess P.E., Teoh J.Y.C., Wong M.C.S. Incidence, risk factors, and temporal trends of penile cancer: a global population-based study. BJU International (2023). doi:10.1111/bju.16224 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/91418
Title
Incidence, risk factors, and temporal trends of penile cancer: a global population-based study
Author's Affiliation
European Association of Urology
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine
Erasmus MC
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Mahidol University
Fudan University
Moffitt Cancer Center
Peking University Health Science Center
Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine
Erasmus MC
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Mahidol University
Fudan University
Moffitt Cancer Center
Peking University Health Science Center
Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the global disease burden and country-specific trends of penile cancer incidence by age group and investigate its associations with several factors. Materials and Methods: The Global Cancer Observatory database was interrogated for penile cancer incidence. The 10-year cancer incidence rates were collected from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus. The country-specific data were extracted from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory and Global Burden of Disease databases for conducting risk factors analysis. The penile cancer incidence was presented using age-standardised rates. Its associations with various factors were examined by linear regression, while the incidence trend was estimated using joinpoint regression and presented as average annual percentage change with 95% confidence intervals in different age groups. Results: There were an estimated 36 068 new cases of penile cancer in 2020. There was a considerable geographical disparity in the disease burden of penile cancer, with South America reporting the highest incidence. Overall, alcohol drinking, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and unsafe sex were positively associated with a higher penile cancer incidence, while circumcision was found to be a protective factor. There has been a mixed trend in penile cancer incidence overall, but an increasing trend was found among younger males. Conclusions: There was a global variation in the penile cancer burden associated with prevalence of alcohol drinking, HIV infection, unsafe sex, and circumcision. The increasing penile cancer incidence in the younger population is worrying and calls for early detection and preventive interventions.