Germinated brown rice protects against glutamate toxicity in HT22 hippocampal neurons through the jnk-mediated apoptotic pathway via the GABA<inf>A</inf> receptor
Issued Date
2023-06-01
Resource Type
ISSN
26672421
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85144525248
Journal Title
IBRO Neuroscience Reports
Volume
14
Start Page
38
End Page
49
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
IBRO Neuroscience Reports Vol.14 (2023) , 38-49
Suggested Citation
Promtang S. Germinated brown rice protects against glutamate toxicity in HT22 hippocampal neurons through the jnk-mediated apoptotic pathway via the GABA<inf>A</inf> receptor. IBRO Neuroscience Reports Vol.14 (2023) , 38-49. 49. doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.12.004 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/81402
Title
Germinated brown rice protects against glutamate toxicity in HT22 hippocampal neurons through the jnk-mediated apoptotic pathway via the GABA<inf>A</inf> receptor
Author(s)
Author's Affiliation
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
The anti-apoptosis effect of germinated brown rice (GBR) focusing on differentiated HT22 cells results in improved nutritional values after the germination process of GBR which contains total phenolic compounds and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Cell death induced by 5 mM glutamate was investigated for 24 h to determine whether GBR mediates cell death through GABA receptors by using antagonists. The results showed that GBR (100 µg/ml) suppressed glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and caused arrest at the G1/S phase of the cell cycle in differentiated HT22 cells. Furthermore, GBR significantly decreased the expression level of c-Jun, while its active form, p-c-Jun, is the downstream product of the JNK-mediated apoptotic pathway and causes subsequent cell death. In addition, bicuculline (12.5 nM), a GABAA antagonist, could eliminate GBR effects, but phaclofen (1 mM), a GABAB antagonist, could not. Surprisingly, GBR exhibited a better neuroprotective effect than a pure commercial GABA compound (0.115 µM). These results indicated that GBR possessed high anti-apoptotic activity and inhibited cell death in differentiated HT22 cells by perturbing re-entry of the cell cycle and apoptosis via the GABAA receptor. Hence, GBR could be further used as a valuable nutritional compound to prevent apoptosis-induced neurodegenerative diseases.