Development of Herbal Ultrasound Gel Prototype from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., Curcuma longa L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe for Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammation

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of phlai, turmeric, ginger and combined extract of phlai, turmeric, and ginger at recipe 1:2:2 (PTG). In addition, the formula of herbal ultrasound gel for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties was developed. The TPC, flavonoid, antioxidant and anti-inflammation were investigated by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavonoid, DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay. The PTG extract was tested for the phytochemicals by GC-MS technique. The microbial contamination standard of herbal ultrasound gel prototype was determined. The result show that the PTG extract has the TPC and flavonoid at 105.11 ± 16.93 mg GAE/g extract and 63.58 ± 2.29 mg QE/g extract, respectively. Moreover, the DPPH and ABTS assay show that PTG extract has the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 0.82 ± 0.11 and 0.98 ± 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, PTG extract has a high percentage of NO inhibition at 53.38 ± 0.16. Furthermore, the GC-MS method found that PTG extract has 7 active ingredients. The highest amount of phytochemical is AR-turmerone. The safety assessment for external use found that the herbal ultrasound gel prototype product passed standard criteria for microbial contamination at the laboratory level. To conclude, the PTG extract has a synergistic effect and a high ability to act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammation. Moreover, the PTG herbal ultrasound gel has a microbial contamination safety to use. Therefore, the prototype herbal ultrasound gel product may be further developed into health products to treat pain and inflammation efficiently in clinical practice.