Investigation of Eco-enzyme from Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) Waste: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Molecular Docking Approach
Issued Date
2024-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
18772641
eISSN
1877265X
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85189462054
Journal Title
Waste and Biomass Valorization
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Waste and Biomass Valorization (2024)
Suggested Citation
Ningrum R.S., Karima R., Renjana E., Ramadani A.H., Umarudin U., Istiqomah N., Aminingsih T. Investigation of Eco-enzyme from Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) Waste: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Molecular Docking Approach. Waste and Biomass Valorization (2024). doi:10.1007/s12649-024-02492-6 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/97930
Title
Investigation of Eco-enzyme from Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) Waste: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Molecular Docking Approach
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Eco-enzyme is the product of fermentation process from organic waste. It contains numerous bioactive compounds with multiple function including as an antibacterial agent. This study aimed to determine phytochemical compounds and the antibacterial activity of eco-enzyme from pineapple waste. Eco-enzyme of pineapple peel (EP) and eco-enzyme of peel-stem mixture (EPS) were produced through the fermentation process for 30 days. Organoleptic tests (aroma and color) and pH value measurement were used to characterize the eco-enzyme. Phytochemical screening of eco-enzyme was determined qualitatively using specific reagents, while bioactive compounds were investigated using LCMS/MS. The disk diffusion method was used for profiling the antibacterial activity of the eco-enzyme against B. subtilis, P. acnes, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. A molecular docking approach was also applied to predict the inhibition mechanism of eco-enzyme as an antibacterial agent. The results showed that EP and EPS had a cloudy brownish yellow color and a fresh sweet–sour aroma. Both eco-enzymes were detected to contain saponins and tannins. EPS had a lower pH value, more diverse bioactive compounds, and greater antibacterial activity than EP. The major bioactive compound of EP was (2S,5S)-5-[(N-Acetyl-N-methyl-L-isoleucyl)amino]-4-oxo-N-(1H-pyrazol-4-ylmethyl)-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepino[3,2,1-hi]indole-2-carboxamide, while EPS was methenamine. In silico prediction showed the formation of interaction bonds between bioactive compounds of the eco-enzyme and essential proteins for the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Thus, pineapple waste can be used to produce eco-enzyme which has potential as an antibacterial agent. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.).