The 3D-POD Model for AI-Driven Institutional Transformation and Graduate Employment Readiness in Thailand in Digital Era

Abstract

As Thailand navigates the challenges of the digital economy, higher education institutions are increasingly compelled to undertake systemic transformation to prepare graduates for employment in AI-integrated environments. This study proposes an AI-driven institutional transformation model specifically tailored to the context of Thai universities. The study was conducted with three main objectives: (1) to synthesize the core components of the model, (2) to develop and validate the proposed model, and (3) to assess its applicability level. A mixed-methods research design was employed to ensure both conceptual rigor and contextual relevance. The research procedure comprised three phases: (1) model synthesis, (2) model development and validation, and (3) model evaluation. The findings revealed that the 3D-POD Model integrates three dimensions: 1) Strategic domains—People, Pedagogy, Process, Platform, and Pathway; 2) Operational phases—Origin, Operation, Output, Outcome, and Optimization; and 3) Digital maturity—Digital Passive, Digitization, Digitalization, Digital Transition, and Digital Transformation. Collectively, these dimensions form a structured matrix (5 Strategic × 5 Operational × 5 Maturity Levels) that provides a practical lens for diagnosing, developing, and enhancing AI-driven transformation in higher education. Quantitative validation confirmed the model’s high content validity and practical applicability. The 3D-POD Model offers a strategic pathway for AI-driven institutional transformation and enhanced graduate employability in Thailand. The model may also serve as a reference for future digital intervention initiatives led by key stakeholders.