A modified Delphi consensus on tenosynovial giant cell tumour and giant cell tumour of bone : a report from the Birmingham Orthopaedic Oncology Meeting (BOOM)
Issued Date
2026-06-09
Resource Type
eISSN
20494408
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105042023312
Pubmed ID
42261942
Journal Title
Bone Joint Journal
Volume
108-B
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Bone Joint Journal Vol.108-B (2026) , xxx
Suggested Citation
Jeys L.M., Botello E., Boyle R., Ebeid W., Hilton T., Houdek M.T., Hosking K., Kurisunkal V.J., Laubscher M., Morris G.V., Puri A., Ruggieri P., Laitinen M.K., Abdul Bari Y., Abood A., Abraham J.A., Acosta Marin M., Agarwal M., Agarwal R., Aguirre M., Ajit Singh V., Akiyama T., Al Farii H., Alaqeel M., Alaseem A., Aldosari O., Alexander K., Alfaro P., Aljuhani W., Allison D.C., Almashahedi M., Alotaibi A., Alpan B., Alshaygy I.S., Althunayan T., Andreani L., Andreou D., Andriandi A., Annabelle L., Aponte-Tinao L., Ardelt M., Armas S., Aston W., Aycan O.E., Baad-Hansen T., Baeza P., Baird C., Balach T., Banse X., Barriga J., Barry J., Basile G., Bastoni S., Basuki M.H., Bauer H.C., Baydar S., Bayliss L., Becker R., Bedi A., Benevenia J., Bengoa F., Berger C., Bernthal N., Binitie O., Bird J., Bobseit A., Bodian C., Boffano M., Bonilla Huertas P., Bramer J., Broadhead M., Broekhuis D., Broida S.E., Brown D., Bruschi A., Budny T., Buist M., Burke Z., Busse T., Cabrolier J., Calvo-Haro J.A., Campanacci D.A., Cardoso R., Carey Smith R., Carrasco M.G., Casales N., Castan A., Ceballos O., Chan C.M., Chan L., Chang L.Z., Charoenlap C., Chaustre Florez J.F., Chin J., Choong P., Chrobok A., Chung Y.G., Ciechanowicz D., Clara-Altamirano M.A., Consuegra Guzman L.A. A modified Delphi consensus on tenosynovial giant cell tumour and giant cell tumour of bone : a report from the Birmingham Orthopaedic Oncology Meeting (BOOM). Bone Joint Journal Vol.108-B (2026) , xxx. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.108B.BJJ-2026-0394 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/117479
Title
A modified Delphi consensus on tenosynovial giant cell tumour and giant cell tumour of bone : a report from the Birmingham Orthopaedic Oncology Meeting (BOOM)
Author(s)
Jeys L.M.
Botello E.
Boyle R.
Ebeid W.
Hilton T.
Houdek M.T.
Hosking K.
Kurisunkal V.J.
Laubscher M.
Morris G.V.
Puri A.
Ruggieri P.
Laitinen M.K.
Abdul Bari Y.
Abood A.
Abraham J.A.
Acosta Marin M.
Agarwal M.
Agarwal R.
Aguirre M.
Ajit Singh V.
Akiyama T.
Al Farii H.
Alaqeel M.
Alaseem A.
Aldosari O.
Alexander K.
Alfaro P.
Aljuhani W.
Allison D.C.
Almashahedi M.
Alotaibi A.
Alpan B.
Alshaygy I.S.
Althunayan T.
Andreani L.
Andreou D.
Andriandi A.
Annabelle L.
Aponte-Tinao L.
Ardelt M.
Armas S.
Aston W.
Aycan O.E.
Baad-Hansen T.
Baeza P.
Baird C.
Balach T.
Banse X.
Barriga J.
Barry J.
Basile G.
Bastoni S.
Basuki M.H.
Bauer H.C.
Baydar S.
Bayliss L.
Becker R.
Bedi A.
Benevenia J.
Bengoa F.
Berger C.
Bernthal N.
Binitie O.
Bird J.
Bobseit A.
Bodian C.
Boffano M.
Bonilla Huertas P.
Bramer J.
Broadhead M.
Broekhuis D.
Broida S.E.
Brown D.
Bruschi A.
Budny T.
Buist M.
Burke Z.
Busse T.
Cabrolier J.
Calvo-Haro J.A.
Campanacci D.A.
Cardoso R.
Carey Smith R.
Carrasco M.G.
Casales N.
Castan A.
Ceballos O.
Chan C.M.
Chan L.
Chang L.Z.
Charoenlap C.
Chaustre Florez J.F.
Chin J.
Choong P.
Chrobok A.
Chung Y.G.
Ciechanowicz D.
Clara-Altamirano M.A.
Consuegra Guzman L.A.
Botello E.
Boyle R.
Ebeid W.
Hilton T.
Houdek M.T.
Hosking K.
Kurisunkal V.J.
Laubscher M.
Morris G.V.
Puri A.
Ruggieri P.
Laitinen M.K.
Abdul Bari Y.
Abood A.
Abraham J.A.
Acosta Marin M.
Agarwal M.
Agarwal R.
Aguirre M.
Ajit Singh V.
Akiyama T.
Al Farii H.
Alaqeel M.
Alaseem A.
Aldosari O.
Alexander K.
Alfaro P.
Aljuhani W.
Allison D.C.
Almashahedi M.
Alotaibi A.
Alpan B.
Alshaygy I.S.
Althunayan T.
Andreani L.
Andreou D.
Andriandi A.
Annabelle L.
Aponte-Tinao L.
Ardelt M.
Armas S.
Aston W.
Aycan O.E.
Baad-Hansen T.
Baeza P.
Baird C.
Balach T.
Banse X.
Barriga J.
Barry J.
Basile G.
Bastoni S.
Basuki M.H.
Bauer H.C.
Baydar S.
Bayliss L.
Becker R.
Bedi A.
Benevenia J.
Bengoa F.
Berger C.
Bernthal N.
Binitie O.
Bird J.
Bobseit A.
Bodian C.
Boffano M.
Bonilla Huertas P.
Bramer J.
Broadhead M.
Broekhuis D.
Broida S.E.
Brown D.
Bruschi A.
Budny T.
Buist M.
Burke Z.
Busse T.
Cabrolier J.
Calvo-Haro J.A.
Campanacci D.A.
Cardoso R.
Carey Smith R.
Carrasco M.G.
Casales N.
Castan A.
Ceballos O.
Chan C.M.
Chan L.
Chang L.Z.
Charoenlap C.
Chaustre Florez J.F.
Chin J.
Choong P.
Chrobok A.
Chung Y.G.
Ciechanowicz D.
Clara-Altamirano M.A.
Consuegra Guzman L.A.
Author's Affiliation
University of California, Davis
The University of Chicago
Mayo Clinic
Università degli Studi di Padova
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
The University of Western Australia
King Saud University
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cairo University
University of Cape Town
Universiti Malaya
Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Aarhus Universitetshospital
Helsinki University Hospital
Universitätsklinikum Essen
Sahlgrenska Akademin
University of Health Sciences
Universitätsmedizin Mainz
Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron
Universidad de Concepcion
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
Universitätsklinikum Münster
Jichi Medical University
Universitas Airlangga
Mount Sinai Hospital
Universidad de la Republica
Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne
Moffitt Cancer Center
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc
Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi
National University Hospital
King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre
Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital
Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
Tata Memorial Hospital
College of Medicine
Azienda Ospedaliera - Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino
IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana
Groote Schuur Hospital
Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires
National Guard Health Affairs
Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
Cancer Center Amsterdam
King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust
Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, México
Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont
King Fahad Medical City
Dr. Soetomo General Hospital
Sultan Qaboos University Hospital
The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo
Hospital Universitario Pedro Ernesto
Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
Clinica Santa Maria
Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital
ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO
AlKindy Teaching Hospital
University Hospital Krems
Acibadem Maslak Hospital
Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel
District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery
Siloam Hospital Medan
Life Orthopaedic Hospital
LABORATORIO DE PATOLOGÍA MARÍN
erson Cancer Center
Abraham Orthopaedics/ Capital Health Cancer Center
The University of Chicago
Mayo Clinic
Università degli Studi di Padova
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
The University of Western Australia
King Saud University
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cairo University
University of Cape Town
Universiti Malaya
Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Aarhus Universitetshospital
Helsinki University Hospital
Universitätsklinikum Essen
Sahlgrenska Akademin
University of Health Sciences
Universitätsmedizin Mainz
Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron
Universidad de Concepcion
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
Universitätsklinikum Münster
Jichi Medical University
Universitas Airlangga
Mount Sinai Hospital
Universidad de la Republica
Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne
Moffitt Cancer Center
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc
Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi
National University Hospital
King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre
Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital
Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
Tata Memorial Hospital
College of Medicine
Azienda Ospedaliera - Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino
IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana
Groote Schuur Hospital
Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires
National Guard Health Affairs
Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
Cancer Center Amsterdam
King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust
Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, México
Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont
King Fahad Medical City
Dr. Soetomo General Hospital
Sultan Qaboos University Hospital
The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo
Hospital Universitario Pedro Ernesto
Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
Clinica Santa Maria
Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital
ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO
AlKindy Teaching Hospital
University Hospital Krems
Acibadem Maslak Hospital
Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel
District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery
Siloam Hospital Medan
Life Orthopaedic Hospital
LABORATORIO DE PATOLOGÍA MARÍN
erson Cancer Center
Abraham Orthopaedics/ Capital Health Cancer Center
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to achieve consensus on important topics related to tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) and giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB), and to identify areas for future research. Methods: In January 2026, a consensus meeting, The Birmingham Orthopaedic Oncology Meeting (BOOM), held in Cape Town, South Africa, gathered 314 delegates from 59 countries to debate 21 consensus statements on tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) and giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) through a modified Delphi process. Results: Of the 21 statements, two achieved unanimous consensus, 18 strong consensus, and one moderate consensus. Unanimous consensus was reached for prioritizing joint-preserving intralesional curettage in GCTB when feasible, and for supporting non-surgical approaches in anatomically challenging cases, particularly sacral lesions. The statement addressing the role of denosumab in GCTB achieved only moderate consensus. The use of adjuvants in GCTB, as well as the management of recurrent and systemic GCTB, including long-term use of denosumab, reached strong consensus. Strong consensus was achieved in the surgical and non-surgical management for both primary and recurrent TGCT. Surveillance strategies for both TGCT and GCTB generated substantial discussion despite strong consensus, reflecting ongoing uncertainty and lack in evidence. Conclusion: This international consensus provides practical guidance for the management of TGCT and GCTB while identifying important gaps in evidence. Joint-preserving surgery remains central to the treatment of GCTB, with selective integration of systemic therapies and individualized surveillance. The consensus framework highlights priorities for future collaborative research in orthopaedic oncology.