Concept Analysis of Orthorexia Nervosa

Abstract

This study analyzes orthorexia nervosa (ON), an eating disorder marked by a rigid fixation on “healthy” eating. Proposed by Steven Bratman in 1997, ON shares restrictive patterns with anorexia or bulimia but is driven by food purity pursuit rather than weight control. Using Walker and Avant’s conceptual analysis approach, key attributes include obsessive attention to food quality, strict dietary rules, guilt or anxiety over deviations, and social or occupational impairment. Antecedents like social media influence, perfectionism, and fitness culture may contribute, while consequences range from malnutrition and physical decline to psychological distress and isolation. Existing assessment tools are reviewed for reliability and validity. The study emphasizes refining diagnostic criteria, improving measurements, and developing nursing interventions to support affected individuals.