Assessing the Influence of Solar Ventilation on Cabin TVOC Concentrations in Vehicles Parked under Sunlight

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of solar ventilation systems on cabin air quality and temperature in vehicles exposed to prolonged sunlight. The experiment was conducted in September, a period characterized by high solar radiation, at the Occupational Health and Safety Institute of the Vocational Training Corporation in Amman, Jordan. Two identical vehicles were used—one equipped with a solar ventilation system and one without. Key parameters such as volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and cabin temperature were monitored throughout the day. Results indicated that the car with solar ventilation had, on average, a 30% lower cabin temperature. The non-ventilated vehicle recorded a peak temperature of 59.2°C, compared to 41.7°C in the ventilated vehicle, with an average temperature difference of 15.5°C. Furthermore, the maximum TVOC concentration in the non-ventilated vehicle reached 30 ppm, while it remained at 9 ppm in the ventilated vehicle. On average, the total TVOC level in the car without solar ventilation was 3.1 times higher than in the car with the system. The greatest performance of the solar ventilation system was observed during the afternoon hours, when solar radiation was at its peak. These results highlight the effectiveness of solar ventilation systems in reducing cabin heat and pollutant accumulation, contributing to enhanced air quality, thermal comfort, and passenger safety.