Diabetes-Specific Complete Smoothie Formulas Improve Postprandial Glycemic Response in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Individuals: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Issued Date
2024-02-01
Resource Type
eISSN
20726643
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85184730274
Pubmed ID
38337679
Journal Title
Nutrients
Volume
16
Issue
3
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Nutrients Vol.16 No.3 (2024)
Suggested Citation
Mongkolsucharitkul P., Pinsawas B., Surawit A., Pongkunakorn T., Manosan T., Ophakas S., Suta S., Pumeiam S., Mayurasakorn K. Diabetes-Specific Complete Smoothie Formulas Improve Postprandial Glycemic Response in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Individuals: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients Vol.16 No.3 (2024). doi:10.3390/nu16030395 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/97249
Title
Diabetes-Specific Complete Smoothie Formulas Improve Postprandial Glycemic Response in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Individuals: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Author's Affiliation
Corresponding Author(s)
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Abstract
This study aimed to compare newly developed diabetes-specific complete smoothie formulas with a standard diabetes-specific nutritional formula (DSNF) regarding their effects on glucose homeostasis, insulin levels, and lipid metabolism in obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover study with 41 obese T2DM participants to compare two developed diabetes-specific complete smoothie formulas, a soy-based regular smoothie (SM) and a smoothie with modified carbohydrate content (SMMC), with the standard DSNF, Glucerna. Glycemic and insulin responses were assessed after the participants randomly consumed 300 kilocalories of each formulation on three separate days with a 7-day gap between. Postprandial effects on glycemic control, insulin levels, and lipid metabolism were measured. SMMC resulted in a significantly lower glucose area under the curve (AUC0–240) compared to Glucerna and SM (p < 0.05 for both). Insulin AUC0–240 after SMMC was significantly lower than that after SM and Glucerna (p < 0.05). During the diets, the suppression of NEFA was more augmented on SM, resulting in a less total AUC0–240 of NEFA compared to the SMMC diet (p < 0.05). C-peptide AUC0–240 after SMMC was significantly lower than that after Glucerna (p < 0.001). Conversely, glucagon AUC0–240 after SMMC was significantly higher than that after SM and Glucerna (p < 0.05). These results highlight SMMC as the better insulin-sensitive formula, potentially achieved through increased insulin secretion or a direct reduction in glucose absorption. The unique composition of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats from natural ingredients in the smoothies may contribute to these positive effects, making them promising functional foods for managing diabetes and obesity.