Enhancing Hospital Supply Chains with 3PL Models Under Demand Uncertainty: A Case Study of a Tertiary Public Hospital in Thailand

Abstract

This study evaluates the integration of Third-Party Logistics (3PL) within hospital supply chain management under uncertain conditions, aiming to maintain service levels near 100% to prevent drug shortages and enhance patient care readiness. Employing a mixed-methods approach, it combines semi-structured interviews with logistics experts and simulations of four 3PL models for hospital Supply, Processing, and Distribution (SPD), including internal distribution (d), based on actual drug usage data. Results show that a hybrid model, which blends internal oversight with external logistics management, significantly enhances supply chain resilience and maintains optimal inventory levels. However, fully outsourcing logistics raises concerns about external control over internal drug distribution. The study concludes that integrating these 3PL/SPD models not only strengthens risk management but also adapts effectively to fluctuating demand. It offers a strategic framework for tertiary healthcare logistics, emphasizing the importance of aligning 3PL strategies with healthcare needs to optimize patient care outcomes and streamline logistics processes.