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Publication Metadata only Late boosting of the RV144 regimen with AIDSVAX B/E and ALVAC-HIV in HIV-uninfected Thai volunteers: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial(2020-04-01) Punnee Pitisuttithum; Sorachai Nitayaphan; Suwat Chariyalertsak; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; Peter Dawson; Jittima Dhitavat; Benjaluck Phonrat; Siriwat Akapirat; Nicos Karasavvas; Lindsay Wieczorek; Victoria Polonis; Michael A. Eller; Poonam Pegu; Dohoon Kim; Alexandra Schuetz; Surat Jongrakthaitae; Yingjun Zhou; Faruk Sinangil; Sanjay Phogat; Carlos A. Diazgranados; James Tartaglia; Elizabeth Heger; Kirsten Smith; Nelson L. Michael; Jean Louis Excler; Merlin L. Robb; Jerome H. Kim; Robert J. O'Connell; Sandhya Vasan; Arom Pitisuthitham; Yupa Sabmee; Narongrid Sirisopana; Chirapa Eamsila; Prapaporn Savaraj; Wanlaya Labwech; Siriluck Teerachia; Nuntisa Chotirosniramit; Taweewat Supindham; Boonlure Pruenglampoo; Patcharaphan Sugandhavesa; Natthapol Kosashunhanan; Oranitcha Kaewthip; Piyathida Sroysuwan; Pawinee Jarujareet; Silvia Ratto-Kim; Sebastian Molnar; Jesse Schoen; Nampueng Churikanont; Saowanit Getchalarat; Nongluck Sangnoi; Bessara Nuntapinit; Anant Phramtong; Pornsuk V. Grandin; Sirinan Madnote; Surawach Rittiroongrad; Boot Kaewboon; Rapee Trichavaroj; Jiraporn Puangkaew; Somsak Chantakulkij; Phiromrat Rakyat; Pornchanok Panjapornsuk; Nipattra Tragonlugsana; Weerawan Chuenarom; Mark de Souza; Viseth Ngauy; Nittaya Phanuphak; Nitiya Chomchey; Puttachard Saengtawan; Nipat Teeratakulpisarn; Rungsun Rerknimitr; Eugene Kroon; Carter A. Lee; Suchada Chinaworapong; GlaxoSmithKline SpA; International Vaccine Institute, Seoul; Sanofi Pasteur SA; The EMMES Corporation; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Thailand; HJF; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Mahidol University; Chiang Mai University; US Army Medical Materiel Development Activity; Global Solutions for Infectious DiseasesChiang Mai and combined Bangkok clinics. Participants were randomly assigned to one of five groups and then further randomly assigned to either vaccine or placebo. All participants received the primary RV144 vaccine series at months 0, 1, 3, and 6. Group... complete. Findings: Between Oct 28, 2013, and April 29, 2014, 367 participants were enrolled, of whom 27 were assigned active vaccination in group 1, 102 in group 2, 101 in group 3, 52 in group 4a, 51 in group 4b, and 34 combined placebo across allPublication Metadata only Treatment of methamphetamine-induced psychosis: A double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing haloperidol and quetiapine(2014-01-01) Viroj Verachai; Warangkana Rukngan; Kachornwan Chawanakrasaesin; Sumnao Nilaban; Somporn Suwanmajo; Rossukon Thanateerabunjong; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; Rasmon Kalayasiri; Thailand Ministry of Public Health; Mahidol University; Chulalongkorn Universitythe antipsychotic and adverse events of quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, to haloperidol, a standard treatment for primary psychotic disorder, in individuals with MAP. Methods: Eighty individuals with MAP were randomly assigned into two groups, iPublication Metadata only Natural human Plasmodium infections in major Anopheles mosquitoes in western Thailand(2016-01-01) Patchara Sriwichai; Yudthana Samung; Suchada Sumruayphol; Kirakorn Kiattibutr; Chalermpon Kumpitak; Anon Payakkapol; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; Guiyun Yan; Liwang Cui; Jetsumon Sattabongkot; Mahidol University; University of California, Irvine; Pennsylvania State Universitythe Thai-Myanmar border in January 2011 - March 2013. Mosquitoes were determined to species by morphological characters. Plasmodium-positivity was determined by circumsporozoite protein ELISA. Results: The 2986 Anopheles mosquitoes collected were assignedPublication Open Access Natural human Plasmodium infections in major Anopheles mosquitoes in western Thailand(2016) Patchara Sriwichai; Yudthana Samung; Suchada Sumruayphol; Kirakorn Kiattibutr; Chalermpon Kumpitak; Anon Payakkapol; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; Guiyun Yan; Liwang Cui; Jetsumon Sattabongkot; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol Vivax Research Unitborder in January 2011 - March 2013. Mosquitoes were determined to species by morphological characters. Plasmodium-positivity was determined by circumsporozoite protein ELISA. Results: The 2986 Anopheles mosquitoes collected were assigned to 26 speciesPublication Open Access Directly-observed therapy (DOT) for the radical 14-day primaquine treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria on the Thai-Myanmar border(2010-11-01) Takeuchi, Rie; Saranath Lawpoolsri; สารนาถ ล้อพูลศรี; Mallika Imwong; มัลลิกา อิ่มวงศ์; Kobayashi, Jun; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; จรณิต แก้วกังวาล; Sasithon Pukrittayakamee; ศศิธร ผู้กฤตยาคามี; Supalap Puangsa-art; ศุภลาภ พวงสอาด; Nipon Thanyavanich; นิพนธ์ ธัญญวานิช; Wanchai Maneeboonyang; วรรณไชย มณีบุญยัง; Day, Nicholas P.J.; Pratap Singhasivanon; ประตาป สิงหศิวานนท์; Pratap Singhasivanon; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU); Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Hygiene.BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax has a dormant hepatic stage, called the hypnozoite, which can cause relapse months after the initial attack. For 50 years, primaquine has been used as a hypnozoitocide to radically cure P. vivax infection, but major concerns remain regarding the side-effects of the drug and adherence to the 14-day regimen. This study examined the effectiveness of using the directly-observed therapy (DOT) method for the radical treatment of P. vivax malaria infection, to prevent reappearance of the parasite within the 90-day follow-up period. Other potential risk factors for the reappearance of P. vivax were also explored. METHODS: A randomized trial was conducted from May 2007 to January 2009 in a low malaria transmission area along the Thai-Myanmar border. Patients aged ≥ 3 years diagnosed with P. vivax by microscopy, were recruited. All patients were treated with the national standard regimen of chloroquine for three days followed by primaquine for 14 days. Patients were randomized to receive DOT or self-administered therapy (SAT). All patients were followed for three months to check for any reappearance of P. vivax. RESULTS: Of the 216 patients enrolled, 109 were randomized to DOT and 107 to SAT. All patients recovered without serious adverse effects. The vivax reappearance rate was significantly lower in the DOT group than the SAT group (3.4/10,000 person-days vs. 13.5/10,000 person-days, p = 0.021). Factors related to the reappearance of vivax malaria included inadequate total primaquine dosage received (< 2.75 mg/kg), duration of fever ≤ 2 days before initiation of treatment, parasite count on admission ≥ 10,000/µl, multiple P. vivax-genotype infection, and presence of P. falciparum infection during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the 14-day primaquine regimen is important for the radical cure of P. vivax malaria infection. Implementation of DOT reduces the reappearance rate of the parasite, and may subsequently decrease P. vivax transmission in the area.Publication Open Access Identification of immunodominant CD4-restricted epitopes co-located with antibody binding sites in individuals vaccinated with ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E.(2015-02-09) Ratto-Kim, Silvia; de Souza, Mark S.; Currier, Jeffrey R.; Karasavvas, Nicos; Sidney, John; Rolland, Morgane; Valencia-Micolta, Anais; Madnote, Sirinan; Sette, Alessandro; Sorachai Nitayaphan; สรชัย นิตยพันธ; Punnee Pitisuttuthum; พรรณี ปิติสุทธิธรรม; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; จรณิต แก้วกังวาล; Supachai Rerks-Ngarm; ศุภชัย ฤกษงาม; Connell, Robert O; Michael, Nelson; Robb, Merlin L.; Marovich, Mary; Kim, Jerome H.; Ratto-Kim, Silvia; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Vaccine Trials Centre.We performed fine epitope mapping of the CD4+ responses in the ALVAC-HIV-AIDSVAX B/E prime-boost regimen in the Thai Phase III trial (RV144). Non-transformed Env-specific T cell lines established from RV144 vaccinees were used to determine the fine epitope mapping of the V2 and C1 responses and the HLA class II restriction. Data showed that there are two CD4+ epitopes contained within the V2 loop: one encompassing the α4β7 integrin binding site (AA179-181) and the other nested between two previously described genetic sieve signatures (AA169, AA181). There was no correlation between the frequencies of CD4+ fine epitope responses and binding antibody.Publication Open Access Customized-language voice survey on mobile devices for text and image data collection among ethnic groups in Thailand: a proof-of-concept study.(2014-03-06) Kasemsak Jandee; เกษมศักดิ์ จันดี; Saranath Lawpoolsri; สารนาถ ล้อพูลศรี; Pimsurang Taechaboonsermsak; พิมพ์สุรางค์ เตชะบุญเสริมศักดิ์; Amnat Khamsiriwatchara; Peerawat Wansatid; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; จรณิต แก้วกังวาล; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics (BIOPHICS); Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Hygiene.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Public Health. Department of Family Health.BACKGROUND: Public health surveys are often conducted using paper-based questionnaires. However, many problems are associated with this method, especially when collecting data among ethnic groups who speak a different language from the survey interviewer. The process can be time-consuming and there is the risk of missing important data due to incomplete surveys. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted as a proof-of-concept to develop a new electronic tool for data collection, and compare it with standard paper-based questionnaire surveys using the research setting of assessing Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) toward the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) among 6 ethnic groups in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. The two data collection methods were compared on data quality in terms of data completeness and time consumed in collecting the information. In addition, the initiative assessed the participants' satisfaction toward the use of a smartphone customized-language voice-based questionnaire in terms of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. METHODS: Following a cross-over design, all study participants were interviewed using two data collection methods after a one-week washout period. Questions in the paper-based questionnaires in Thai language were translated to each ethnic language by the interviewer/translator when interviewing the study participant. The customized-language voice-based questionnaires were programmed to a smartphone tablet in six, selectable dialect languages and used by the trained interviewer when approaching participants. RESULTS: The study revealed positive data quality outcomes when using the smartphone, voice-based questionnaire survey compared with the paper-based questionnaire survey, both in terms of data completeness and time consumed in data collection process. Since the smartphone questionnaire survey was programmed to ask questions in sequence, no data was missing and there were no entry errors. Participants had positive attitudes toward answering the smartphone questionnaire; 69% (48/70) reported they understood the questions easily, 71% (50/70) found it convenient, and 66% (46/70) reported a reduced time in data collection. The smartphone data collection method was acceptable by both the interviewers and by the study participants of different ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that the application of specific features of mobile devices like smartphone tablets (including dropdown choices, capturing pictures, and voiced questions) can be successfully used for data collection. The mobile device can be effectively used for capturing photos of secondary data and collecting primary data with customized-language and voiced questionnaire survey. Using smartphone questionnaires can minimize or eliminate missing data and reduce the time consumed during the data collection process. Smartphone customized-language, voice-based questionnaires for data collection can be an alternative and better approach than standard translated paper-based questionnaires for public health surveys, especially when collecting data among ethnic and hard-to-reach groups residing in multilanguage-speaking settings.Publication Open Access Vaccine-induced IgG antibodies to V1V2 regions of multiple HIV- 1 subtypes correlate with decreased risk of HIV-1 infection.(2014-02-04) Zolla-Pazner, Susan; deCamp, Allan; Gilbert, Peter B.; Williams, Constance; Yates, Nicole L.; Williams, William T.; Howington, Robert; Fong, Youyi; Morris, Daryl E.; Soderberg, Kelly A.; Irene, Carmela; Reichman, Charles; Pinter, Abraham; Parks, Robert; Punnee Pitisuttithum; พรรณี ปิติสุทธิธรรม; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; จรณิต แก้วกังวาล; Supachai Rerks-Ngarm; ศุภชัย ฤกษ์งาม; Sorachai Nitayaphan; สรชัย นิตยพันธ; Andrews, Charla; O’Connell, Robert J.; Yang, Zhi-yong; Nabel, Gary J.; Kim, Jerome H.; Michael, Nelson L.; Montefiori, David C.; Liao, Hua-Xin; Haynes, Barton F.; Tomaras, Georgia D.; Zolla-Pazner, Susan; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine.In the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial, IgG antibody (Ab) binding levels to variable regions 1 and 2 (V1V2) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 were an inverse correlate of risk of HIV-1 infection. To determine if V1V2-specific Abs cross-react with V1V2 from different HIV-1 subtypes, if the nature of the V1V2 antigen used to asses cross-reactivity influenced infection risk, and to identify immune assays for upcoming HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials, new V1V2-scaffold antigens were designed and tested. Protein scaffold antigens carrying the V1V2 regions from HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, D or CRF01_AE were assayed in pilot studies, and six were selected to assess cross-reactive Abs in the plasma from the original RV144 case-control cohort (41 infected vaccinees, 205 frequency-matched uninfected vaccinees, and 40 placebo recipients) using ELISA and a binding Ab multiplex assay. IgG levels to these antigens were assessed as correlates of risk in vaccine recipients using weighted logistic regression models. Levels of Abs reactive with subtype A, B, C and CRF01_AE V1V2-scaffold antigens were all significant inverse correlates of risk (p-values of 0.0008-0.05; estimated odds ratios of 0.53-0.68 per 1 standard deviation increase). Thus, levels of vaccine-induced IgG Abs recognizing V1V2 regions from multiple HIV-1 subtypes, and presented on different scaffolds, constitute inverse correlates of risk for HIV-1 infection in the RV144 vaccine trial. The V1V2 antigens provide a link between RV144 and upcoming HIV-1 vaccine trials, and identify reagents and methods for evaluating V1V2 Abs as possible correlates of protection against HIV-1 infection.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00223080.Publication Open Access Is your ethics committee efficient? Using "IRB Metrics" as a self-assessment tool for continuous improvement at the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand.(2014-11-18) Pornpimon Adams; พรพิมล อดัมส์; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; จรณิต แก้วกังวาน; Chanthima Limphattharacharoen; Sukanya Prakobtham; สุกัญญา ประกอบธรรม; Krisana Pengsaa; ฤษณา เพ็งสา; Srisin Khusmith; ศรีสิน คูสมิทธิ์; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Office of Research Services; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Hygiene; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Pediatrics; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyTensions between researchers and ethics committees have been reported in several institutions. Some reports suggest researchers lack confidence in the quality of institutional review board (IRB) reviews, and that emphasis on strict procedural compliance and ethical issues raised by the IRB might unintentionally lead to delays in correspondence between researchers and ethics committees, and/or even encourage prevarication/equivocation, if researchers perceive committee concerns and criticisms unjust. This study systematically analyzed the efficiency of different IRB functions, and the relationship between efficiency and perceived quality of the decision-making process. The major purposes of this study were thus (1) to use the IRB Metrics developed by the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand (FTM-EC) to assess the operational efficiency and perceived effectiveness of its ethics committees, and (2) to determine ethical issues that may cause the duration of approval process to be above the target limit of 60 days. Based on a literature review of definitions and methods used and proposed for use, in assessing aspects of IRB quality, an "IRB Metrics" was developed to assess IRB processes using a structure-process-outcome measurement model. To observe trends in the indicators evaluated, data related to all protocols submitted to the two panels of the FTM-EC (clinical and non-clinical), between January 2010-September 2013, were extracted and analyzed. Quantitative information based on IRB Metrics structure-process-outcome illuminates different areas for internal-process improvement. Ethical issues raised with researchers by the IRB, which were associated with the duration of the approval process in protocol review, could be considered root causes of tensions between the parties. The assessment of IRB structure-process-outcome thus provides a valuable opportunity to strengthen relationships and reduce conflicts between IRBs and researchers, with positive outcomes for all parties involved in the conduct of human-subject research.Publication Open Access Spatio-temporal effects of estimated pollutants released from an industrial estate on the occurrence of respiratory disease in Maptaphut Municipality, Thailand(2006-11-08) Somchai Jadsri; สมชาย จาดศรี; Pratap Singhasivanon; ประตาป สิงหศิวานนท์; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; จรณิต แก้วกังวาล; Rattana Sithiprasasna; Somkiat Siriruttanapruk; Supawadee Konchom; Somchai Jadsri; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Hygiene.BACKGROUND: Maptaphut Industrial Estate (MIE) was established with a single factory in 1988, increasing to 50 by 1998. This development has resulted in undesirable impacts on the environment and the health of the people in the surrounding areas, evidenced by frequent complaints of bad odours making the people living there ill. In 1999, the Bureau of Environmental Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, conducted a study of the health status of people in Rayong Province and found a marked increase in respiratory diseases over the period 1993-1996, higher than the overall prevalence of such diseases in Thailand. However, the relationship between the pollutants and the respiratory diseases of the people in the surrounding area has still not been quantified. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of respiratory disease, to estimate pollutants released from the industrial estates, and to quantify the relationship between estimated pollutants and respiratory disease in the Maptaphut Municipality. RESULTS: Disease mapping showed a much higher risk of respiratory disease in communities adjacent to the Maptaphut Industrial Estate. Disease occurrence formed significant clusters centred on communities near the estate, relative to the weighted mean centre of chimney stacks. Analysis of the rates of respiratory disease in the communities, categorized by different concentrations of estimated pollutants, found a dose-response effect. Spatial regression analysis found that the distance between community and health providers decreased the rate of respiratory disease (p < 0.05). However, after taking into account distance, total pollutant (p < 0.05), SO2 (p < 0.05) and NOx (p < 0.05) played a role in adverse health effects during the summer. Total pollutant (p < 0.05) and NOx (p < 0.05) played a role in adverse health effects during the rainy season after taking into account distance, but during winter there was no observed relationship between pollutants and rates of respiratory disease after taking into account distance. A 12-month time-series analysis of six communities selected from the disease clusters and the areas impacted most by pollutant dispersion, found significant effects for SO2 (p < 0.05), NOx (p < 0.05), and TSP (p < 0.05) after taking into account rainfall. CONCLUSION: This study employed disease mapping to present the spatial distribution of disease. Excessive risk of respiratory disease, and disease clusters, were found among communities near Maptaphut Industrial Estate. Study of the relationship between estimated pollutants and the occurrence of respiratory disease found significant relationships between estimated SO2, NOx, and TSP, and the rate of respiratory disease.