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Publication Metadata only Prospective evaluation of a rapid immunochromogenic cassette test for the diagnosis of melioidosis in northeast Thailand(2006-01-01) Allen C. Cheng; Sharon J. Peacock; Direk Limmathurotsakul; Gumphol Wongsuvan; Wirongrong Chierakul; Premjit Amornchai; Nongluk Getchalarat; Wipada Chaowagul; Nicholas J. White; Nicholas P.J. Day; Vanaporn Wuthiekanun; Mahidol University; Menzies School of Health Research; Sappasitthiprasong Hospital; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Geelong HospitalA prospective study was performed to compare a rapid immunochromogenic cassette test (ICT) with the indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) and clinical rules for the diagnosis of melioidosis in an endemic area. The sensitivity and specificity... of the IgG ICT was 86% and 47%, and the IgM ICT was 82% and 47%, respectively. These were similar to the results for IHA (sensitivity 73%, specificity 64%) and clinical rules (73% and 37%). ICT lacks clinical utility as a result of high background ratesPublication Metadata only Field Evaluation of a Novel Colorimetric Method - Double-Site Enzyme-Linked Lactate Dehydrogenase Immunodetection Assay - To Determine Drug Susceptibilities of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Isolates from Northwestern Thailand(2004-04-01) Alan Brockman; Sittaporn Singlam; Lucy Phiaphun; Sornchai Looareesuwan; Nicholas J. White; François Nosten; Shoklo Malaria Research Unit; Mahidol University; University of Queensland; John Radcliffe Hospital; Menzies School of Health ResearchA double-site enzyme-linked lactate dehydrogenase enzyme immunodetection assay was tested against field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum for assessing in vitro drug susceptibilities to a wide range of antimalarial drugs. Its sensitivity allowed the use of parasite densities as low as 200 parasites/μl of blood. Being a nonisotopic, colorimetric assay, it lies within the capabilities of a modest laboratory at the district level.Publication Metadata only Population pharmacokinetics of dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine in pregnant and nonpregnant women with uncomplicated malaria(2012-04-01) Joel Tarning; Marcus J. Rijken; Rose McGready; Aung Pyae Phyo; Warunee Hanpithakpong; Nicholas P J Day; Nicholas J. White; François Nosten; Niklas Lindegardh; Mahidol University; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Shoklo Malaria Research Unitof this study was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetic properties of piperaquine and dihydroartemisinin in pregnant and nonpregnant women with uncomplicated malaria. Twenty-four pregnant and 24 matched nonpregnant women on the Thai-Myanmar boarder were... treated with a standard fixed oral 3-day treatment, and venous plasma concentrations of both drugs were measured frequently for pharmacokinetic evaluation. Population pharmacokinetics were evaluated with nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. The mainPublication Metadata only Evaluation of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG rapid cassette test kits for diagnosis of melioidosis in an area of endemicity(2004-08-01) Vanaporn Wuthiekanun; Premjit Amornchai; Wirongrong Chierakul; Allen C. Cheng; Nicholas J. White; Sharon J. Peacock; Nicholas P.J. Day; Mahidol University; Flinders University; Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineAn enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based rapid cassette immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM immunochromogenic test kit was compared to the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for the diagnosis of acute melioidosis in northeastern Thailand. Admission sera from 70 culture-confirmed septicemic melioidosis patients and 30 patients with localized infections were tested. As a control group, 80 patients with other acute febrile illnesses (other bacterial infections, leptospirosis, or scrub typhus) and 119 healthy individuals were tested. The diagnostic sensitivity of the IgG and IgM tests and the IHA test were 79, 67, and 72%, respectively, with corresponding specificities of 90, 80, and 68%. This kit represents an improvement over IHA for the diagnosis of melioidosis an area of endemicity although, as with other serological tests, it has reduced diagnostic utility in a population with high background seropositivity.Publication Metadata only Activation of the coagulation cascade in patients with leptospirosis(2008-01-15) Wirongrong Chierakul; Panatsaya Tientadakul; Yupin Suputtamongkol; Vanaporn Wuthiekanun; Kriangsak Phimda; Roongrueng Limpaiboon; Nisarat Opartkiattikul; Nicholas J. White; Sharon J. Peacock; Nicholas P. Day; Mahidol University; Udon Thani Center Hospital; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicineleptospirosis; in multivariate analysis, it was the only hemostasis factor independently associated with clinical bleeding. Patients who were culture-negative for Leptospira species had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sepsis-Related..., but the coagulopathy in severe leptospirosis has not been further characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate coagulation factors and the presence of DIC in patients with leptospirosis in northeast Thailand. Methods. We measured plasma concentrationsPublication Metadata only Defining surrogate endpoints for clinical trials in severe falciparum malaria(2017-01-01) Atthanee Jeeyapant; Hugh W. Kingston; Katherine Plewes; Richard J. Maude; Josh Hanson; M. Trent Herdman; Stije J. Leopold; Thatsanun Ngernseng; Prakaykaew Charunwatthana; Nguyen Hoan Phu; Aniruddha Ghose; M. Mahtab Uddin Hasan; Caterina I. Fanello; Md Abul Faiz; Tran Tinh Hien; Nicholas P.J. Day; Nicholas J. White; Arjen M. Dondorp; Mahidol University; Charles Darwin University; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Menzies School of Health Research; UCL; Chittagong Medical College Hospital; Universite de Kinshasa; Dev Care Foundationare credited. Background Clinical trials in severe falciparum malaria require a large sample size to detect clinically meaningful differences in mortality. This means few interventions can be evaluated at any time. Using a validated surrogate endpoint... for mortality would provide a useful alternative allowing a smaller sample size. Here we evaluate changes in coma score and plasma lactate as surrogate endpoints for mortality in severe falciparum malaria. Methods Three datasets of clinical studies in severePublication Metadata only Short report: Electrocardiographic safety evaluation of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria(2007-09-01) Oliver T. Mytton; Elizabeth A. Ashley; Leon Peto; Ric N. Price; Yar La; Rae Hae; Pratap Singhasivanon; Nicholas J. White; François Nosten; Shoklo Malaria Research Unit; Mahidol University; Churchill Hospital; Menzies School of Health Research; EpicentreDihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) could become a leading fixed combination malaria treatment worldwide. Although there is accumulating evidence of efficacy and safety from clinical trials, data on cardiotoxicity are limited. In two randomized... acute malaria and not the treatment given. At therapeutic doses, DP does not have clinically significant effects on the electrocardiogram. Copyright © 2007 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.Publication Metadata only Population pharmacokinetic assessment of the effect of food on piperaquine bioavailability in patients with uncomplicated malaria(2014-01-01) Joel Tarning; Niklas Lindegardh; Khin Maung Lwin; Anna Annerberg; Lily Kiricharoen; Elizabeth Ashley; Nicholas J. White; François Nosten; Nicholas P.J. Day; Mahidol University; Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicinePlasmodium falciparum malaria in Thailand. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of piperaquine and the influence of concomitant food intake. A modified Monte Carlo mapped power approach was applied to evaluate... absorption. The final model showed a 25% increase in relative bioavailability per dose occasion during recovery from malaria but demonstrated no clinical impact of concomitant intake of a low-fat meal. Body weight and age were both significant covariatesPublication Metadata only The arrhythmogenic cardiotoxicity of the quinoline and structurally related antimalarial drugs: A systematic review(2018-11-07) Ilsa L. Haeusler; Xin Hui S. Chan; Philippe J. Guérin; Nicholas J. White; NHS Foundation Trust; Mahidol University; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN)rapidly highlights the need to review their cardiovascular safety profiles. Methods: The primary objective of this systematic review was to describe the documented clinical and electrocardiographic cardiovascular side effects of quinine, mefloquine... included. A total of 177 trials met the inclusion criteria. 35,448 participants received quinoline antimalarials in these trials, of which 18,436 participants underwent ECG evaluation. Subjects with co-medication use or comorbidities includingPublication Metadata only Evaluation of a PfHRP2and a pLDH-based rapid diagnostic test for the diagnosis of severe malaria in 2 populations of african children(2011-05-01) Ilse C.E. Hendriksen; George Mtove; Alínia José Pedro; Ermelinda Gomes; Kamolrat Silamut; Sue J. Lee; Abraham Mwambuli; Samwel Gesase; Hugh Reyburn; Nicholas P.J. Day; Nicholas J. White; Lorenz Von Seidlein; Arjen M. Dondorp; Mahidol University; University of Oxford; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; National Institute for Medical Research Tanga; Joint Malaria Programme; Hospital Central da Beira; Menzies School of Health ResearchBackground. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) now play an important role in the diagnosis of falciparum malaria in many countries where the disease is endemic. Although these tests have been extensively evaluated in uncomplicated falciparum malaria... < 1000 parasites/μL (n = 173), sensitivity of the pLDH-based test was low (45.7%), compared with that of the PfHRP2-based test (69.9%). Both RDTs performed better than did the routine slide reading in a clinical laboratory as assessed in 1 of the centers