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Item Open Access An analysis on the Philippine government implementation of the preventive mechanisms against human trafficking : challenges and prospects(Mahidol University, 2021) Awkit, Graciela Ann Ofilas, 1996 -; Naazima Kamardeen; Hayes, Michael Georgeand forced labour. Consequently, the Philippine government has craftedlaws, policies, and agreements to combat human trafficking of Filipino migrantworkers. This study aimed to (1) discuss the government’s implementation of preventive measures against human... in discussing preventive mechanisms against human trafficking and identifying challenges that deter effective implementation of these measures. The recommendations from this research will assist the government in their anti-trafficking strategy formation.Publication Open Access A Model of Engaging Teachers with the Prevention of Trafficking of Migrant Children: Case Study of Samut Sakhon, Thailand(2017) Naparat Kranrattanasuit; Yanuar Sumarlan; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studiesresearch in which elementary school teachers teach migrant students about the potential of migrant child exploitation. Through producing an Anti-Human Trafficking Handbook, this research raises awareness and knowledge to prevent the untoward exploitation... exploitation. However, these children tend to drop out of school early to become full-time laborers because of their families’ financial needs. This research presents a school-based anti-trafficking prevention program created through participatory actionItem Open Access Analysis of amphetamine drug trafficking patterns in Thailand(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2022) Wichit Yaemyim; Sunee Kanyajit; Veenunkarn Rujiprak; Suppakorn Poonyarith; Thomas Guadamuzprevention and suppression measures. The purposes of this research were (1) to study situations of widespread use and trafficking patterns of amphetamine drugs, especially methamphetamine (Ya ba) and ice, and (2) to suggest guidelines to develop effective... to prevent tracking down of key figures at various levels by cutting off all interactions. In the meantime, domestic trafficking patterns employed modern technology to avoid official inspection and monitoring. Consequently, the suggested guidelinesPublication Open Access Marginalised Groups and Access to Education: A Case Study of Street Children in Mandalay, Myanmar(2021) Dawt Nei Iang; Suphatmet Yunyasit; Bencharat Sae Chua; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studiesor parental figures. Others work to support their family. They do not have access to health care, food, education or adequate assistance. Trafficking, exploitation and drug addiction are some of the serious risks street children face. Most street children... the difficulties faced by street children to access education and analyses the main issues at stake in relation to the international and domestic human rights framework on right to education and the specific situation of street children. Based on this combinationPublication Open Access Rabies preventive behaviors of dog owners in Nakhon Pathom Province of Thailand(2015) Keiko Akai; Jiraporn Chompikul; Cheerawit Rattanapan; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentA cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate rabies preventive behaviors of dog owners and related factors. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to collect data at four health promoting hospitals of Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand... associations between independent variables and rabies preventive behaviors. A total of 319 self-administered questionnaires were completed and returned, resulting in a response rate of 83.9%. The results showed that 38.5 % of respondents had good preventivePublication Open Access Gender-Based Violence Prevention in Schools in Myanmar: A Study from Taunggyi(2021) Soe Thiri Win; Duanghathai Buranajaroenkij; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studiesof GBV among primary school teachers and the extent of GBV prevention in schools. This research examines forms of GBV occurring in Basic Education High schools in Taunggyi and explores teachers’ responses to GBV in schools from a human rights perspective... in terms of policy, activity programmes and curriculum, since schools can play an important role in cultivating a culture of human rights and awareness to prevent GBV which could gradually become embedded in the community and society.Publication Open Access Novel adiponectin variants identified in type 2 diabetic patients reveal multimerization and secretion defects(2011) Prapaporn Jungtrakoon; Nattachet Plengvidhya; Watip Tangjittipokin; Sarin Chimnaronk; Wanisa Salaemae; Nalinee Chongjaroen; Kanjana Chanprasert; Jatuporn Sujjitjoon; Chatchawan Srisawat; Pa-thai Yenchitsomanus; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medical Technology. Department of Clinical Microscopy; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. Department of Medicine; Mahidol University. Institute of Molecular Biosciences.ADIPOQ, encoding adiponectin, is a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes (T2D) identified by genome-wide linkage analyses with supporting evidence showing the protein function in sensitizing insulin actions. In an endeavor to characterize candidate genes causing T2D in Thai patients, we identified 10 novel ADIPOQ variations, several of which were non-synonymous variations observed only in the patients. To examine the impact of these non-synonymous variations on adiponectin structure and biochemical characteristics, we conducted a structural analysis of the wild-type and variant proteins by in silico modeling and further characterized biochemical properties of the variants with predicted structural abnormalities from the modeling by molecular and biochemical studies. The recombinant plasmids containing wild-type and variant ADIPOQ cDNAs derived from the variations identified by our study (R55H, R112H, and R131H) and previous work (G90S and R112C) were constructed and transiently expressed and co-expressed in cultured HEK293T cells to investigate their oligomerization, interaction, and secretion. We found that the novel R55H variant impaired protein multimerization but it did not exert the effect over the co-expressed wild-type protein while novel R131H variant impaired protein secretion and also affected the co-expressed wild-type protein in a dominant negative fashion. The R131H variant could traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, trans-Golgi network, and early endosome but could not be secreted. The R131H variant was likely to be degraded through the lysosomal system and inhibition of its degradation rescued the variant protein from secretion defect. We have shown the possibility of using in silico modeling for predicting the effect of amino acid substitution on adiponectin oligomerization. This is also the first report that demonstrates a dominant negative effect of the R131H variant on protein secretion and the possibility of using protein degradation inhibitors as therapeutic agents in the patients carrying adiponectin variants with secretion defect.Publication Open Access Human Security and Human Rights : (Still) contested concepts in ASEAN(2015) Sriprapha Petcharamesree; ศรีประภา เพชรมีศรี; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesIf human rights is recognized and legalized by the ASEAN Charter, the term human security was not included. Not only been was it not included in the ASEAN Charter but it has also depoliticized. ASEAN is still reluctant to face the challenge... of balancing state and human security. Not only is ASEAN still facing challenges in balancing state security and human security, any arguments for strong conceptual links between human security and human rights, which has been recognized and mainstreamedPublication Open Access ร่างประมวลกฎหมายยาเสพติดและแนวทางควบคุมสารเสพติด(2559) ฉัตรสุมน พฤฒิภิญโญ; Chardsumon Prutipinyo; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสาธารณสุขศาสตร์. ภาควิชาบริหารงานสาธารณสุขand the circumstances involved with narcotics, solving of the problems should be taken for all three aspects of suppression, prevention and treatment. This research has following policy recommendations: 1) consider the concept of the right to health and human rights...This study aims to review and analyze the 13 laws on narcotics prevention and suppression, and guidelines for the controlled substances. This is a qualitative research, by using documentary research and through attending meetings and observationPublication Open Access Transcriptional profiles of Burkholderia pseudomallei reveal the direct and indirect roles of Sigma E under oxidative stress conditions(2014) Siroj Jitprasutwit; Ong, Catherine; Niramol Juntawieng; Wen Fong Ooi; Hemsley, Claudia M.; Paiboon Vattanaviboon; Titball, Richard W.; Tan, Patrick; Sunee Korbsrisate; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. Department of ImmunologyBackground: Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a Gram-negative bacterium widely distributed in soil and water in endemic areas. This soil saprophyte can survive harsh environmental conditions, even in soils where herbicides (containing superoxide generators) are abundant. Sigma factor E (σE) is a key regulator of extra-cytoplasmic stress response in Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we identified the B. pseudomallei σE regulon and characterized the indirect role that σE plays in the regulation of spermidine, contributing to the successful survival of B. pseudomallei in stressful environments. Results: Changes in the global transcriptional profiles of B. pseudomallei wild type and σE mutant under physiological and oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) conditions were determined. We identified 307 up-regulated genes under oxidative stress condition. Comparison of the transcriptional profiles of B. pseudomallei wild type and σE mutant under control or oxidative stress conditions identified 85 oxidative-responsive genes regulated by σE, including genes involved in cell membrane repair, maintenance of protein folding and oxidative stress response and potential virulence factors such as a type VI secretion system (T6SS). Importantly, we identified that the speG gene, encoding spermidine-acetyltransferase, is a novel member of the B. pseudomallei σE regulon. The expression of speG was regulated by σE, implying that σE plays an indirect role in the regulation of physiological level of spermidine to protect the bacteria during oxidative stress. Conclusion: This study identified B. pseudomallei genes directly regulated by σE in response to oxidative stress and revealed the indirect role of σE in the regulation of the polyamine spermidine (via regulation of speG) for bacterial cell protection during oxidative stress. This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms by which σE contributes to the survival of B. pseudomallei under stressful conditions.
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