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Publication Open Access Changes in the permeability and morphology of dentine surfaces after brushing with a Thai herbal toothpaste: A preliminary study.(2016-04) Suwanna Korsuwannawong; สุวรรณา ก่อสุวรรณวงศ์; Choltacha Harnirattisai; ชลธชา ห้านิรัติศัย; Chayada Teinchai; ชญาดา เทียนไชย; La‑ongthong Vajrabhaya; ละอองทอง วัชราภัย; La‑ongthong Vajrabhaya; ละอองทอง วัชราภัย; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Research Office; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics(AS) immersion or citric acid challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dentine discs from human mandibular third molars were divided into three groups (n = 20) and brushed with either experimental toothpaste or water (control) for 2 min with an automated toothbrushPublication Open Access Investigation of basement membrane proteins in a case of granular cell ameloblastoma.(2012-03) Puangwan Lapthanasupkul; พวงวรรณ ลาภธนทรัพย์กุล; Sopee Poomsawat; โสภี ภูมิสวัสดิ์; Jira Chindasombatjaroen; จิรา จินดาสมบัติเจริญ; Sopee Poomsawat; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial RadiologyGranular cell ameloblastoma is a rare, benign neoplasm of the odontogenic epithelium. A case of massive granular cell ameloblastoma in a 44-year-old Thai female is reported. Histopathological features displayed a follicular type of ameloblastoma... with an accumulation of granular cells residing within the tumor follicles. After treatment by partial mandibulectomy, the patient showed a good prognosis without recurrence in a 2-year follow-up. To characterize the granular cells in ameloblastoma, we examinedPublication Open Access The removal of colors in non-carbonated soft drinks using granular activated carbon for coliform bacteria detection by sanitary indicator medium(2009) Vatanasomboon, P; Pisit Vatanasomboon; Rojanavipart, P; Piangchan Rojanavipart; Luksamijarulkul, P; Pipat Luksamijarulkul; พิศิษฐ์ วัฒนสมบูรณ์; เพียงจันทร์ โรจนวิภาต; พิพัฒน์ ลักษมีจรัลกุล; Srisantisang, N; Mahidol University. Faculty of Public Health. Department of Environmental Health Science; Mahidol University. Faculty of Public Health. Department of Biostatistics; Mahidol University. Faculty of Public Health. Department of MicrobiologyThis research was designed to study the efficiency of non-carbonated soft drink color removal by using granular activated carbon (GAC) for coliform bacteria detection by SI medium. The conditions established in the study were to use 6 color tonesPublication Open Access Prevalence and histopathology of Trichogaster pectoralis harbouring metacercaria of Clinostomum piscidium (Southwell and Prashad, 1918) in central Thailand(2014) Tawewan Tansatit; Prasert Sobhon; Somphong Sahaphong; Panpanga Sangsuriya; Suriyo Klinsrithong; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Departments of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Science. Department of Anatomy; Mahidol University. Faculty of Science. Department of Pathobiologyof lymphocytes, eosinophilic granular cells and fibroblasts. Eosinophils were in close contact with the fluke’s tegument. The infection with this metacercaria caused hepatic tissue damage which, in turn, interrupted the hepatic metabolism, causing growthPublication Open Access The incidence of oro-maxillofacial lesions (10 years) in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Mahidol University: Ameloblastoma(2015-01) Kiatanant Boonsiriseth; เกียรติอนันต์ บุญศิริเศรษฐ; Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen; ศิริชัย เกียรติถาวรเจริญ; Arada Thungrat; อารดา ถึงรัตน์; Natthamet Wongsirichat; ณัฐเมศร์ วงศ์สิริฉัตร; Natthamet Wongsirichat; ณัฐเมศร์ วงศ์สิริฉัตร; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryObjective: To study incidence of ameloblastoma at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Mahidol University by analyzing patients’ pathological records for clinical, radiographic, and histological features from 2003 to 2012 Methods and methods: In this 10-year retrospective study, 88 histopathological records of patients with ameloblastoma treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mahidol University were selected. The records were analyzed for demographic data, chief complaint, site of lesion, clinical, radiographic, and histologic features to determine the incidence of ameloblastoma. Results: The overall incidence of ameloblastoma was 4.49% (88/1962 records). The age range of the patients with ameloblastoma was 8 and 81 years, with a mean age of 38 years. Ameloblastoma occurred more in males (56.82%) than females (43.18%). More than half of the patients (56.81%; 50 cases) presented with painless swellings. The mandible accounted for 88% (78 cases) of all the ameloblastoma. Most radiographs showed multilocular radiolucent lesions (60.23%; 53 cases). The most common histopathological features of ameloblastoma were mixed type (25%; 22 cases) and follicular type (23.86%; 21cases). Conclusions: This study showed 4.49% incidence of ameloblastoma. Most ameloblastoma occurred in males with a mean age of 38 years. The lesions often presented clinically as painless swellings and histologically exhibited mixed or follicular types.Publication Open Access Lime and Lignite Fly Ash as cement replacement in hazardous waste solidification process: Case study of spent fluorescent lamp(2009-12) Petcharat Jekjuntuk; Chumporn Yuwaree; Gritsanaruk Theeraraj; Rungjarat Hutacharoen; Jirapun Chotiratanarak; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource Studiestimes, whereas the density and the strength trend to decrease after 14 days. In consideration the properties of solidified sample and cost of solidifying material, a ratio of cement to lime to fly ash of 0:30:70 was found to be the most optimum ratioPublication Open Access Treatment outcomes of reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis(2016) Pitipol Choopong; Kamolporn Vivittaworn; Duanphen Konlakij; Somanus Thoongsuwan; Auengporn Pituksung; Nattaporn Tesavibul; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. Department of OphthalmologyBackground: Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is one of the most common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals. Intravitreal ganciclovir injection has been used successfully but no standard regimen was established. Risks of drug toxicity, endophthalmitis, and injection-related complications increased with number and frequency of injection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir (2 mg/0.04 mL) for the treatment of CMVR. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study involving 67 eyes of 49 patients with CMVR was performed. Induction therapy involved intravenous ganciclovir (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks unless contraindicated or patients refused. Patients were then treated with reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir every week for 4 weeks, and then every other week until the lesion healed. The patients’ demographic data were recorded, and vision parameters were examined every visit. Results: Twenty eyes (29.9 %) presented with initial visual acuities less than 6/60. The majority of patients were diagnosed with CMVR in zones 1 or 2 (63 eyes, 94 %), and, at least, one quadrant of the retina was involved (56 eyes, 83.6 %). Forty-one eyes (61.2 %) completely resolved after treatment within the 6-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in healing time, whether or not patients received induction treatment with intravenous ganciclovir (111.00 ± 12.96 vs 105.00 ± 28.32 days, p = 0.8). Five eyes (12.2 %) of patients with healed CMVR had visual acuities less than 6/60. Conclusions: Reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir is a safe and effective treatment option. It provides comparable results to other weekly regimens. Induction with intravenous ganciclovir is not crucial in a resolution of retinitis, although it may be necessary to reduce systemic cytomegalovirus loads and mortality rates. Trial registration: The trial was registered with Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) on 16 March 2016 – TCTR20160316001.Publication Open Access Coma in fatal adult human malaria is not caused by cerebral oedema(2011-09-17) Medana, Isabelle M.; Day, Nicholas P.J.; Navakanit Sachanonta; นวขนิษฐ์ สัจจานนท์; Mai, Nguyen T.H.; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Emsri Pongponratn; เอี่ยมศรี พงศ์พนรัตน์; Hien, Tran T.; White, Nicholas J.; Turner, Gareth D.H.; Turner, Gareth D.H.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Pathology.BACKGROUND: The role of brain oedema in the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria is controversial. Coma associated with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is multifactorial, but associated with histological evidence of parasitized erythrocyte sequestration and resultant microvascular congestion in cerebral vessels. To determine whether these changes cause breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and resultant perivascular or parenchymal cerebral oedema, histology, immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to define the prevalence of histological patterns of oedema and the expression of specific molecular pathways involved in water balance in the brain in adults with fatal falciparum malaria. METHODS: The brains of 20 adult Vietnamese patients who died of severe malaria were examined for evidence of disrupted vascular integrity. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis was performed on brainstem sections for activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 and expression of the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel protein. Fibrinogen immunostaining was assessed as evidence of blood-brain barrier leakage and perivascular oedema formation. Correlations were performed with clinical, biochemical and neuropathological parameters of severe malaria infection. RESULTS: The presence of oedema, plasma protein leakage and evidence of VEGF signalling were heterogeneous in fatal falciparum malaria and did not correlate with pre-mortem coma. Differences in vascular integrity were observed between brain regions with the greatest prevalence of disruption in the brainstem, compared to the cortex or midbrain. There was a statistically non-significant trend towards higher AQP4 staining in the brainstem of cases that presented with coma (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Histological evidence of cerebral oedema or immunohistochemical evidence of localised loss of vascular integrity did not correlate with the occurrence of pre-mortem coma in adults with fatal falciparum malaria. Enhanced expression of AQP4 water channels in the brainstem may, therefore, reflect a mix of both neuropathological or attempted neuroprotective responses to oedema formation.Publication Open Access Subpopulations of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 121 are associated with distinct clinical entities.(2013) Kurt, Kevin; Rasigade, Jean-Philippe; Laurent, Frederic; Goering, Richard V; Zˇemlicˇkova, Helena; Machova, Ivana; Struelens, Marc J.; Zautner, Andreas E.; Holtfreter, Silva; Broker, Brarbaa; Ritchie, Stephen; Reaksmey, Sin; Direk Limmathurotsakul; ดิเรก ลิ้มมธุรสกุล; Peacock, Sharon J.; Cuny, Christiane; Layer, Franziska; Witte, Wolfgang; Nubel, Ulrich; Nubel, Ulrich; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine.We investigated the population structure of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex CC121 by mutation discovery at 115 genetic housekeeping loci from each of 154 isolates, sampled on five continents between 1953 and 2009. In addition, we pyro-sequenced the genomes from ten representative isolates. The genome-wide SNPs that were ascertained revealed the evolutionary history of CC121, indicating at least six major clades (A to F) within the clonal complex and dating its most recent common ancestor to the pre-antibiotic era. The toxin gene complement of CC121 isolates was correlated with their SNP-based phylogeny. Moreover, we found a highly significant association of clinical phenotypes with phylogenetic affiliations, which is unusual for S. aureus. All isolates evidently sampled from superficial infections (including staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, bullous impetigo, exfoliative dermatitis, conjunctivitis) clustered in clade F, which included the European epidemic fusidic-acid resistant impetigo clone (EEFIC). In comparison, isolates from deep-seated infections (abscess, furuncle, pyomyositis, necrotizing pneumonia) were disseminated in several clades, but not in clade F. Our results demonstrate that phylogenetic lineages with distinct clinical properties exist within an S. aureus clonal complex, and that SNPs serve as powerful discriminatory markers, able to identify these lineages. All CC121 genomes harboured a 41-kilobase prophage that was dissimilar to S. aureus phages sequenced previously. Community-associated MRSA and MSSA from Cambodia were extremely closely related, suggesting this MRSA arose in the region.Publication Open Access Medicinal Plants in the Khok Pho District, Pattani Province (Thailand)(2005-12) Wongsatit Chuakul; Mahidol University. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Pharmaceutical BotanyA survey on utilization of medicinal plants by herbalists in Khok Pho District, Pattani Province, Thailand was carried out by interviewing herbalists, collecting and identifying the plant specimens, and also comparing the plant specimens with the authentic specimens at two herbaria, i.e. at the Bangkok Herbarium, Botany Section, Botany and Weed Science Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives and at the Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department. Ninety-five medicinal plants belonging to fifty-seven families commonly used as medicinal plants are reported. Of these ninety-five species, fourteen species are newly recorded as medicinal plants. Thirty-nine species are used in combinations with other medicinal plants in a total of sixteen different preparations.