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Publication Open Access World Malaria Day 2016 in the Kingdom of Cambodia: high‑level governmental support embodies the WHO call for “political will to end malaria”(2016) Canavati, Sara E.; Quintero, Cesia E.; Bou, Thavrin; Virak Khieu; Rithea Leang; Dysoley Lek; Po Ly; Huy Rekol; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Clinical Tropical MedicineOn World Malaria Day 2016, The Kingdom of Cambodia’s National celebrations served as a prime of example of how political will is currently being exercised in Cambodia through high-level governmental support for malaria elimination. The main... country event was well-planned and coordinated by the National Programme for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM), and included key contributions from high-ranking political figures, such as His Excellency (H.E) Mam Bun Heng (MinisterPublication Open Access Establishing research priorities for malaria elimination in the context of the emergency response to artemisinin resistance framework‑the Cambodian approach(2016) Canavatม Sara E.; Lawfordม Harriet L. S.; Fatunmbi, Bayo S.; Dysoley Lek; Narann Top‑Samphor; Rithea Leang; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Rekol Huy; Kazadi, Walter M.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Clinical Tropical Medicineprioritization list which was then presented to a plenary group for further discussion. This produced a list of research questions ranked according to priority. Results: OR priorities produced by the thematic groups were discussed in the plenary meetingPublication Open Access Genetic loci associated with delayed clearance of Plasmodium falciparum following artemisinin treatment in Southeast Asia.(2013-01-02) Takala-Harrisona, Shannon; Clark, Taane G.; Cummings, Michael P.; Miotto,Olivo; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Fukudaf, Mark M.; Nosten, Francois; Noedl, Harald; Mallika Imwong; มัลลิกา อิ่มวงศ์; Bethell, Delia; Se, Youry; Lon, Chanthap; Tyner, Stuart D.; Saunders, David L.; Socheat, Duong; Ariey, Frederic; Phyo, Aung Pyae; Starzengruber, Peter; Fuehrer, Hans-Peter; Swoboda, Paul; Stepniewska, Kasia; Flegg, Jennifer; Arze, Cesar; Cerqueira, Gustavo C.; Silva, Joana C.; Ricklefs, Stacy M.; Porcella, Stephen F.; Stephens, Robert M.; Adams, Matthew; Kenefic, Leo J.; Campino, Susana; Auburn, Sarah; MacInnis, Bronwyn; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P.; Su, Xin-zhuan; White, Nicholas J.; Ringwald, Pascal; Plowe, Christopher V.; Plowe, Christopher V.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Shoklo Malaria Research Unit.The recent emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in western Cambodia could threaten prospects for malaria elimination. Identification of the genetic basis of resistance would provide tools for molecular surveillance, aiding efforts to contain resistance. Clinical trials of artesunate efficacy were conducted in Bangladesh, in northwestern Thailand near the Myanmar border, and at two sites in western Cambodia. Parasites collected from trial participants were genotyped at 8,079 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a P. falciparum-specific SNP array. Parasite genotypes were examined for signatures of recent positive selection and association with parasite clearance phenotypes to identify regions of the genome associated with artemisinin resistance. Four SNPs on chromosomes 10 (one), 13 (two), and 14 (one) were significantly associated with delayed parasite clearance. The two SNPs on chromosome 13 are in a region of the genome that appears to be under strong recent positive selection in Cambodia. The SNPs on chromosomes 10 and 13 lie in or near genes involved in postreplication repair, a DNA damage-tolerance pathway. Replication and validation studies are needed to refine the location of loci responsible for artemisinin resistance and to understand the mechanism behind it; however, two SNPs on chromosomes 10 and 13 may be useful markers of delayed parasite clearance in surveillance for artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia.Publication Open Access The impact of different GFR estimating equations on the prevalence of CKD and risk groups in a Southeast Asian cohort using the new KDIGO guidelines(2012) Chagriya Kitiyakara; Sukit Yamwong; Prin Vathesatogkit; Anchalee Chittamma; Sayan Cheepudomwit; Somlak Vanavanan; Bunlue Hengprasith; Piyamitr Sritara; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Department of Medicineamong the highest rates of ESRD in the world, but establishing the prevalence and prognosis CKD is a problem for Asian populations since there is no consensus on the best GFR estimating (eGFR) equation. We studied the effects of the choice of new AsianPublication Open Access Impact of socio - economic characteristics and health risk behaviors on labor force age health outcome in Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System, Thailand(2010-07) Yothin Sawangdee; โยธิน แสวงดี; Piyawat Katewongsa; ปิยวัฒน์ เกตุวงศา; Nutchanundhporn Meesuwan; ณัฐชนันท์พร มีสุวรรณ; Boonlert Leoprapai; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Researchin Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS) area. The analysis reveals that the differential in level of education has produced the differential in health outcome. People who have higher level of education i.e. university or higher, probabilitiesPublication Open Access Motivation factors and operational efficiency of supporting staff in Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University(2008) Napaporn Muangsakul; Saijai Potisubsuk; Suttilak Wongsaisri; Phitaya Charupoonphol; นภาพร ม่วงสกุล; สายใจ โพธิศัพท์สุข; พิทยา จารุพูนผล; Phitaya Charupoonphol; Mahidol University; Mahidol University. Faculty of Public HealthThis study about the operational efficiency of the supporting staffs in Faculty Public Health Mahidol University aims to investigate the level of operational efficiency of the supporting staffs and factors influencing the operational efficiency... in their operational efficiency (p-value = 0.025). However, the different educational levels, ranks, salaries and operational duration did not affect the different levels of operational efficiency. The motivation factors which affected the operational efficiencyPublication Open Access Factors affecting the effectiveness of Runoff Harvesting Dams in Nepal(2010-08) Bhandari, Bishnu Bahadur; Sansanee Choowaew; Kobkaew Manomaipiboon; Kulvadee Kansuntisukmongkol; Kulvadee Kansuntisukmongkol; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource Studiesfor desk review and field observation were administered covering the variables of effectiveness indicators and factors. The data were analyzed by applying scoring and ranking, descriptive statistics and factor analysis method. It was found that 3 runoffPublication Open Access Obstetric morbidity care in Thailand: do communities matter?(2008-01) Sharad Kumar Sharma; Panee Vong-Ek; ภาณี วงษ์เอก; Boonlert Leoprapai; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchPrevious research on maternal health care has focused on individual-level factors, and the role of community-level factors in obtaining obstetric care has not received sufficient attention. This study addresses this gap by examining how community context is associated with obstetric morbidity care-seeking behavior among Thai women in the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System. Multi-level logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association. While percentage of not working, percentage of people with health insurance, percentage of people with education less than grade ten, and availability of school in the village were positive predictors of care-seeking behavior for morbidity during pregnancy, distance of village to the district center and availability of transportation facilities in the village were positive predictors and average household income in the village was a negative predictor of care-seeking behavior of morbidity during delivery or after delivery. Careseeking behavior also varied across the villages. Preventive behavior and medical risk factors partially mediated the community effect on care-seeking behavior. However, community characteristics retained their important association with obstetric morbidity care. Community context should therefore not be overlooked while implementing maternal health interventions.Publication Open Access Estimation risk modeling in optimal portfolio selection: an empirical study from emerging markets.(2010) Sarayut Nathaphan; Pornchai Chunhachinda; Mahidol University. International College. Business Administration Division.The optimal portfolios seem not being as efficient as intended. Especially during financial crisis period optimal portfolio is not an optimal investment as it does not yield maximum return given a specific level of risk, vice and versa. One possible explanation for an unimpressive performance of the seemingly efficient portfolio is incorrectness in parameter estimates called “estimation risk in parameter estimates”. Five different estimating strategies are employed to explore ex post portfolio performance when estimation risk is incorporated. Among the five alternative strategies, shrinkage estimators incorporating the single index model outperforms other traditional portfolio selection strategies. Allowing for asset mispricing and applying Bayesian shrinkage adjusted factor to each asset’s alpha, a single factor namely excess market return is adequate in alleviating estimation uncertainty.Publication Open Access Immune response to live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JE-CV) neutralizes Japanese encephalitis virus isolates from South-East Asia and India(2014) Bonaparte, Matthew; Dweik, Bashir; Feroldi, Emmanuel; Meric, Claude; Bouckenooghe, Alain; Hildreth, Stephen; Hu, Branda; Sutee Yoksan; Boaz, Mark; Mahidol University. Institute of Molecular Biosciences. Center for Vaccine DevelopmentBackground During clinical development of the licensed Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV), the neutralization capacity of vaccine-induced antibodies was assessed against the vaccine virus and against well characterized wild-type (wt) viruses isolated between 1949–1991. We assessed whether JE-CV-induced antibodies can also neutralize more recent wt Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) isolates including a genotype 1 isolate. Methods Sera from 12–18 month-old children who received a single dose of JE-CV in a phase III study in Thailand and the Philippines (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00735644) were randomly selected and pooled according to neutralization titer against JE-CV into eight samples. Neutralization was assessed by plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT50) against three recent isolates from JEV genotypes 1 and 3 in addition to four JEV previously tested. Results Neutralization titers against the three recent JEV strains were comparable to those observed previously against other strains and the vaccine virus. The observed differences between responses to genotype 1 and 3 viruses were within assay variability for the PRNT50. Conclusions The results were consistent with previously generated data on the neutralization of wt JEV isolates, immune responses induced by JE-CV neutralize recently isolated virus from southeast (SE) Asia and India.