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Item Metadata only A study of protein status, iron status and dietary patterns of heroin addicts(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 1988) Tunyaluck Kreepanich; Decha Dejakaisaya; Naiyana Asvapaka; Paradee Temcharoen; Wilai KusolvisitkulPublication Metadata only Estimating the number of drug users in Bangkok 2001: A capture-recapture approach using repeated entries in one list(2004-12-01) Dankmar Böhning; Busaba Suppawattanabodee; Wilai Kusolvisitkul; Chukiat Viwatwongkasem; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Vajira Hospital; Mahidol Universityis suggested based upon repeated entries in one list, which is less dependent on matching entries from different sources as in the conventional approach. Methods: For this purpose, a population-based study was conducted that utilizes all data on treatment... model, an estimate for the number of unobserved drug users could be constructed. Results: From 11,222 drug users found during the period, 7063 (62.9%) were heroin users, 3346 (29.8%) metamphetamine users, and the remaining 813 (7.3%) distributed under 15Publication Metadata only The family in Thailand and drug demand reduction: problems of urban Thai society in transition.(1994-12-01) S. Spielmann; Mahidol Universityof the role of the family is even more critical in the Thai context because, traditionally, the Thai family provided the strongest and most dependable bulwark against social evils of any kind, not the least of which has become drug abuse. The grave state... of the country's drug (heroin) abuse problems has recently been further aggravated with the emergent HIV/AIDS epidemic. That epidemic has affected substantial portions of intravenous heroin drug users, posing threats for families all over the country. EvidentlyPublication Metadata only “Etazene, safer than heroin and fentanyl”: Non-fentanyl novel synthetic opioid listings on one darknet market(2021-08-01) Francois R. Lamy; Raminta Daniulaityte; Monica J. Barratt; Usha Lokala; Amit Sheth; Robert G. Carlson; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre; Wright State University; University of South Carolina; Arizona State University Downtown Phoenix Campus; Mahidol University; RMIT UniversityBackground: Novel synthetic opioids are fueling the overdose deaths epidemic in North America.Recently, non-fentanyl novel synthetic opioids have emerged in forensic toxicological results. Cryptomarkets have become important platforms of distribution for illicit substances. This article presents the data concerning the availability trends of novel non-fentanyl synthetic opioids listed on one cryptomarket. Methods: Listings from the EmpireMarket cryptomarket “Opiates” section were collected between June 2020 and August 2020. Collected data were processed using eDarkTrends Named Entity Recognition algorithm to identify novel synthetic opioids, and to analyze their availability trends in terms of frequency of listings, available average weights, average prices, quantity sold, and geographic indicators of shipment origin and destination information. Results: 35,196 opioid-related listings were collected through 12 crawling sessions. 17 nonfentanyl novel synthetic opioids were identified in 2.9 % of the collected listings for an average of 9.2 kg of substance available at each data point. 587 items advertised as non-fentanyl novel synthetic opioids were sold on EmpireMarket for a total weight of between 858 g and 2.7 kg during the study period. 45.5 % of these listings were advertised as shipped from China. Conclusions: Fourteen of the 17 non-fentanyl novel synthetic opioids were identified for the first time on one large cryptomarket suggesting a shift in terms of novel non-fentanyl synthetic opioids availability. This increased heterogeneity of available novel synthetic opioids could reduce the efficiency of existing overdose prevention strategies. Identification of new opioids underpins the value of cryptomarket data for early warning systems of emerging substance use trends.Publication Metadata only Listed for sale: Analyzing data on fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and other novel synthetic opioids on one cryptomarket(2020-08-01) Francois R. Lamy; Raminta Daniulaityte; Monica J. Barratt; Usha Lokala; Amit Sheth; Robert G. Carlson; UNSW, National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre; Wright State University; University of South Carolina; Arizona State University Downtown Phoenix Campus; Mahidol University; RMIT Universityin 3.3 % of the collected listings. 44.7 % of these listings advertised fentanyl (pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical) or fentanyl analogs for an average of 2.8 kgs per crawl. “Synthetic heroin” accounted for 33.2 % of novel synthetic opioid listingsPublication Open Access Respondent-driven sampling: reaching male youth with drug use experience in Thailand(2011) Sawitri Thayansin; Mahidol University. National Institute for Child and Family Development.Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) was developed and has been widely used for recruiting sample from hard-to-reach populations such as populations at risk of HIV, injection drug users, males who have sex with males, and commercial sex workers. This article reports on the use of RDS technique in a research among Thai male youth aged 15-24 years who ever used drugs. Beginning with seventeen respondents who were used as initial seeds for recruiting more eligible subjects, the research was able to include 749 male youth with drug use experience in the sample. Majority of the recruited youth (41.3%) reported amphetamine as their first drug, followed by those who used mitragyna speciosa (20.1%), marijuana (17.2%), and inhalant (13.7%). Distribution of the sample youth recruited by this technique was found to be relatively normal which suggested that RDS was a reliable strategy for recruiting a sample of hard-to-reach populations. It is believed that this sampling technique can also be useful for the study of general hidden populations.Publication Open Access Influence of connectedness to parents and peers on drug use among male youth(2008-01) Sawitri Thayansin; Chai Podhisita; ชาย โพธิสิตา; Boonlert Leoprapai; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchDrug use, especially use of amphetamine, has been an increasing national problem in recent years despite much effort to control and suppress it. The main objective of this study was to understand the influence of parent and peer connectedness on drug use among male youth. This quantitative study employed Respondent Driven Sampling strategy to select male youth for interview. The sample consisted of 1,184 youth aged 15-24 years. Of all youth in the sample 70 percent were 15-19 years of age; about 54 percent were students and 63 percent had used some kind of illicit drugs. Analysis shows that nearly half of the sample with drug experience used amphetamines at their first try. About three-fourths of the users began drug using before age 20 with an average age at first use of 16.2. Logistic regression analysis revealed that youth who showed strong parent connectedness were less likely to use drugs, whereas those who showed strong peer connectedness were more likely to involve in drug use. The findings have significant policy implications. Successful programs for this purpose should enhance strong connectedness to parents while creating awareness of an undesirable aspect of peer influence among youth.Publication Open Access สถานการณ์การตีตราทางสังคมของผู้ใช้ยาเสพติด: กรณีศึกษาผู้รับการบำบัดสารเสพติดในโครงการบริการเมทาโดนฐานชุมชนแห่งหนึ่ง(2560) ดลชัย ฮะวังจู; อภิชาติ จำรัสฤทธิรงค์; ดุสิตา พึ่งสำราญ; Donlachai Hawangchu; Apichart Chamratrithirong; Dusita Phuengsamran; มูลนิธิโอโซนประเทศไทย; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. สถาบันวิจัยประชากรและสังคมการถูกตีตราในผู้ใช้ยาเสพติดเป็นสิ่งปิดกั้นมิให้กลับเข้าสู่สังคมได้ การแก้ไขปัญหาจำเป็นต้องทราบองค์ประกอบและระดับความรุนแรงเสียก่อน การศึกษานี้เพื่อแสดงองค์ประกอบและระดับความรุนแรงของการตีตราที่มีสามลักษณะ คือ 1.การเผชิญสถานการณ์จริง 2.การตีตราตนเอง 3.การถูกตีตราที่คาดว่าจะเกิด โดยมีองค์ประกอบและระดับแตกต่างกันอย่างไรไม่เป็นที่รู้ชัด จึงทำการสำรวจผู้ใช้ยาเสพติดทุกคน ณ สถานบำบัดแห่งหนึ่งในไทย 74 ราย ในปีพ.ศ. 2559 เพื่ออธิบายว่า การตีตราทั้ง 3 ลักษณะมีองค์ประกอบอะไรบ้างและในแต่ละลักษณะฯ องค์ประกอบใดมีความรุนแรงอย่างไร การวิเคราะห์ปัจจัยพบว่า การถูกตีตราจากสถานการณ์จริง คือ ถูกชุมชนเพ่งเล็ง โดยถูกผู้อื่นจ้องจับผิดหรือตรวจสอบ (ร้อยละ50.7) การตีตราตนเอง คือ ต้องการแยกตัวจากสังคมโดยไม่ต้องการพบปะผู้คน (ร้อยละ 54.1) การถูกตีตราที่คาดว่าจะเกิด โดยกลัวจะได้รับการปฏิบัติแตกต่างจากคนอื่น (ร้อยละ 68.9) สรุปได้ว่า การแก้ไขปัญหาเนื่องมาจากประสบการณ์จริงได้แก่การตีตราตนเองและความกลัวการถูกตีตราทำให้ต้องแยกตัวออกจากสังคม ต้องบูรณาการด้วยการนำปัจจัยทางสังคม ชุมชน ครอบครัว และตัวผู้ใช้ยาเสพติดโดยเฉพาะด้านจิตวิทยามาร่วมในการแก้ไขให้ตรงประเด็นในทุก ๆ องค์ประกอบที่แตกต่างกันPublication Open Access Risky alcohol use among reproductive-age men, not women, in Mae La refugee camp, Thailand, 2009(2012) Ezard, Nadine; Supan Thiptharakun; Nosten, François; Rhodes, Tim; McGready, Rose; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol–Oxford Clinical Research UnitBackground: Globally, alcohol use contributes to close to 4% of all deaths and is a leading cause of ill health and premature death among men of reproductive age. Problem alcohol use is an unaddressed public health issue among populations displaced by conflict. Assessing the magnitude of the problem and identifying affected groups and risk behaviours is difficult in mobile and unstable populations. Methods: From 15–28 December 2009 we conducted a simple rapid screening test of risky alcohol use using the single item modified Short Assessment Screening Questionnaire (mSASQ) by all women currently enrolled in the antenatal care clinic in Mae La refugee camp, a long standing displaced setting on the Thai Burma border. Women self- reported and gave a secondary report of their male partners. Gender differences in alcohol use were further explored in semi-structured interviews with camp residents on attitudes, behaviours, and beliefs regarding alcohol and analysed thematically. Results: Of 636 women screened in the antenatal clinic, almost none (0.2%, 95CI 0.0-0.9%) reported risky alcohol use prior to pregnancy, whereas around a quarter (24.4%, 95CI 21.2-27.9%) reported risky alcohol use by their male partners. Interviews with 97 camp residents described strong social controls against women’s alcohol use and men’s drinking to intoxication, despite a dominant perception that the social context of life in displacement promoted alcohol use and that controls are loosening. Conclusions: As a stigmatised behaviour, alcohol use is difficult to assess, particularly in the context of highly mobile adult male populations: the simple assessment methods here show that it is feasible to obtain adequate data for the purposes of intervention design. The data suggest that risky drinking is common and normalised among men, but that the population may have been partially protected from rapid rises in problem alcohol use observed in nation-wide data from Thailand. The changing social context contains vulnerabilities that might promote problem alcohol use: further investigation, ongoing monitoring, and development of targeted interventions are warranted.Publication Open Access Patterns of polysubstance use and associated factors among grade 11 students in Bangkok, Thailand(2019) Eunyoung Ham; Bang-on Thepthein; Prapapun Chucharoen; Seo Ah Hong; อิมยอง แฮม; บังอร เทพเทียน; ประภาพรรณ จูเจริญ; โซ อะ หงษ์; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentPolysubstance use, the use of more than one substance, is a current problem among adolescents. The study assessed the prevalence of polysubstance use and associated factors among grade 11 students in Bangkok, Thailand. A web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing the secondary datasets of the Bangkok Behaviour Surveillance Survey (BBSS) in 2017, and the data were collected from June to July 2017. The BBSS is conducted every two years. In the process of analysis, 1,755 adolescents were included. Chisquare test and multiple logistic regression were performed to identify the association between independent variables and polysubstance use. The prevalence of use of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana were 26.2%, 14.4%, and 5.9%, respectively. The polysubstance use during the past 12 months was 14.1%. Among 484 student substance users, more than half reported polysubstance use, and 17.4% have used all three substances. Male students were more likely to use polysubstance than females. Having a close friend who uses substances, persuasion of a close friend, recent grade point average (GPA), socio-economic status (SES), and sexual orientation were significantly associated with polysubstance use. As for psychological factors, anxiety and depression were not associated with polysubstance use. However, having had adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) was associated with polysubstance use. In addition, sexual perception and experience and risky sexual behaviour scores were significantly associated with polysubstance use. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that having a boy/girlfriend, close friends smoking cigarettes, recent low GPA, sexual perception, sexual experience, and high and moderate SES significantly predicted polysubstance use. Such findings can be used by prevention specialists and health educators to develop and implement alcohol tobacco and marijuana prevention programs and interventions specifically tailored to Thai adolescents.