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    มิวเซียมแห่งชาติมาเลเซีย: มิวเซียมและพหุวัฒนธรรมในบริบทของสังคมพหุลักษณ์และการย้ายถิ่นของแรงงานข้ามชาติในอาเซียน
    (2561) มรกต ไมยเออร์; Morakot Meyer; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. สถาบันวิจัยภาษาและวัฒนธรรมเอเชีย. สาขาวิชาพหุวัฒนธรรมศึกษา; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. สถาบันวิจัยภาษาและวัฒนธรรมเพื่อพัฒนาชนบท
    This article examines how the permanent exhibitions of the Malaysian National Museum represent the plural society of the country. The article frames its analysis in the context of Malaysia as a plural society and as a popular destination... National Museum. The discussion is enhanced by comparative observations on museum initiatives in the European Union and the UK. The study shows that the museum glorifies bygone Malay kingdoms as a cultural foundation of modern Malaysia, which serves
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    The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia
    (2018-07-06) Hugh McColl; Fernando Racimo; Lasse Vinner; Fabrice Demeter; Takashi Gakuhari; J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar; George Van Driem; Uffe Gram Wilken; Andaine Seguin-Orlando; Constanza De la Fuente Castro; Sally Wasef; Rasmi Shoocongdej; Viengkeo Souksavatdy; Thongsa Sayavongkhamdy; Mohd Mokhtar Saidin; Morten E. Allentoft; Takehiro Sato; Anna Sapfo Malaspinas; Farhang A. Aghakhanian; Thorfinn Korneliussen; Ana Prohaska; Ashot Margaryan; Peter De Barros Damgaard; Supannee Kaewsutthi; Patcharee Lertrit; Thi Mai Huong Nguyen; Hsiao chun Hung; Thi Minh Tran; Huu Nghia Truong; Giang Hai Nguyen; Shaiful Shahidan; Ketut Wiradnyana; Hiromi Matsumae; Nobuo Shigehara; Minoru Yoneda; Hajime Ishida; Tadayuki Masuyama; Yasuhiro Yamada; Atsushi Tajima; Hiroki Shibata; Atsushi Toyoda; Tsunehiko Hanihara; Shigeki Nakagome; Thibaut Deviese; Anne Marie Bacon; Philippe Duringer; Jean Luc Ponche; Laura Shackelford; Elise Patole-Edoumba; Anh Tuan Nguyen; Bérénice Bellina-Pryce; Jean Christophe Galipaud; Rebecca Kinaston; Hallie Buckley; Christophe Pottier; Simon Rasmussen; Tom Higham; Robert A. Foley; Marta Mirazón Lahr; Ludovic Orlando; Martin Sikora; Maude E. Phipps; Hiroki Oota; Charles Higham; David M. Lambert; Eske Willerslev; École française d’Extrême-Orient; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History; Institute of Molecular Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia; Université de Strasbourg; IPGS Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg; Griffith University; University of Cambridge; Københavns Universitet; University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences; Universite Paris Descartes; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; University of the Ryukyus; Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III; University of Oxford; University of Tokyo; Kanazawa University; University of Bern; National Institute of Genetics Mishima; Monash University Malaysia; Silpakorn University; University of New England Australia; University of Otago; National Institutes for the Humanities National Museum of Japanese History; Danmarks Tekniske Universitet; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Trinity College Dublin; Kyushu University; Australian National University; CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Wellcome Sanger Institute; Kitasato University School of Medicine; Universiti Sains Malaysia; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Université de Lausanne (UNIL); Balai Archeology; Natural History Museum of La Rochelle; Educational Committee of Tahara City; Ministry of Information and Culture; Institute of Archaeology; Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
    © The Authors. The human occupation history of Southeast Asia (SEA) remains heavily debated. Current evidence suggests that SEA was occupied by Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers until ~4000 years ago, when farming economies developed and expanded, restricting foraging groups to remote habitats. Some argue that agricultural development was indigenous; others favor the “two-layer” hypothesis that posits a southward expansion of farmers giving rise to present-day Southeast Asian genetic diversity. By sequencing 26 ancient human genomes (25 from SEA, 1 Japanese Jōmon), we show that neither interpretation fits the complexity of Southeast Asian history: Both Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers and East Asian farmers contributed to current Southeast Asian diversity, with further migrations affecting island SEA and Vietnam. Our results help resolve one of the long-standing controversies in Southeast Asian prehistory.
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    A sibling species of Platythyrea clypeata Forel, 1911 in southeast Asia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae)
    (2018-01-01) Natthaporn Phengsi; Weeyawat Jaitrong; Jiraporn Ruangsittichai; Salinee Khachonpisitsak; Mahidol University; Burapha University; National Science Museum
    . This species is distributed in southern Thailand and western Malaysia, while P. clypeata is distributed in Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand in the areas north of the Isthmus of Kra. Platythyrea clypeata is newly recorded from Thailand from dead wood
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    Synonymization of key pest species within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae): Taxonomic changes based on a review of 20 years of integrative morphological, molecular, cytogenetic, behavioural and chemoecological data
    (2015-01-01) Mark K. Schutze; Nidchaya Aketarawong; Weerawan Amornsak; Karen F. Armstrong; Antonis A. Augustinos; Norman Barr; Wang Bo; Kostas Bourtzis; Laura M. Boykin; Carlos Cáceres; Stephen L. Cameron; Toni A. Chapman; Suksom Chinvinijkul; Anastasija Chomič; Marc De Meyer; Ellena Drosopoulou; Anna Englezou; Sunday Ekesi; Angeliki Gariou-Papalexiou; Scott M. Geib; Deborah Hailstones; Mohammed Hasanuzzaman; David Haymer; Alvin K.W. Hee; Jorge Hendrichs; Andrew Jessup; Qinge Ji; Fathiya M. Khamis; Matthew N. Krosch; Luc Leblanc; Khalid Mahmood; Anna R. Malacrida; Pinelopi Mavragani-Tsipidou; Maulid Mwatawala; Ritsuo Nishida; Hajime Ono; Jesus Reyes; Daniel Rubinoff; Michael San Jose; Todd E. Shelly; Sunyanee Srikachar; Keng H. Tan; Sujinda Thanaphum; Ihsan Haq; Shanmugam Vijaysegaran; Suk L. Wee; Farzana Yesmin; Antigone Zacharopoulou; Anthony R. Clarke; Queensland University of Technology QUT; Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre; Mahidol University; Kasetsart University; Lincoln University, New Zealand; International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna; Panepistimion Patron; USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS); Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; University of Western Australia; Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute; Thailand Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives; Royal Museum for Central Africa; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Nairobi; USDA Agricultural Research Service, Washington DC; Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Dhaka; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Universiti Putra Malaysia; NSW Department of Primary Industries; University of Queensland; Pakistan Museum of Natural History; Universita degli Studi di Pavia; Sokoine University of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Tan Hak Heng Co.; National Agricultural Research Center; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
    © 2014 The Royal Entomological Society. Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, and Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White are four horticultural pest tephritid fruit fly species that are highly similar, morphologically and genetically, to the destructive pest, the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This similarity has rendered the discovery of reliable diagnostic characters problematic, which, in view of the economic importance of these taxa and the international trade implications, has resulted in ongoing difficulties for many areas of plant protection and food security. Consequently, a major international collaborative and integrated multidisciplinary research effort was initiated in 2009 to build upon existing literature with the specific aim of resolving biological species limits among B. papayae, B. philippinensis, B. carambolae, B. invadens and B. dorsalis to overcome constraints to pest management and international trade. Bactrocera philippinensis has recently been synonymized with B. papayae as a result of this initiative and this review corroborates that finding; however, the other names remain in use. While consistent characters have been found to reliably distinguish B. carambolae from B. dorsalis, B. invadens and B. papayae, no such characters have been found to differentiate the latter three putative species. We conclude that B. carambolae is a valid species and that the remaining taxa, B. dorsalis, B. invadens and B. papayae, represent the same species. Thus, we consider B. dorsalis (Hendel) as the senior synonym of B. papayae Drew and Hancock syn.n. and B. invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White syn.n. A redescription of B. dorsalis is provided. Given the agricultural importance of B. dorsalis, this taxonomic decision will have significant global plant biosecurity implications, affecting pest management, quarantine, international trade, postharvest treatment and basic research. Throughout the paper, we emphasize the value of independent and multidisciplinary tools in delimiting species, particularly in complicated cases involving morphologically cryptic taxa.
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    SCAR markers and multiplex PCR-based identification of isomorphic species in the Anopheles dirus complex in Southeast Asia
    (2002-01-01) Sylvie Manguin; P. Kengne; L. Sonnier; R. E. Harbach; V. Baimai; H. D. Trung; M. Coosemans; Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations; IRD Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement; CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; The Natural History Museum, London; Mahidol University; National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology Hanoi; Prins Leopold Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde
    ) of the complex: species A from several Southeast Asian countries, species B from Perlis, Malaysia, and species C and D from Thailand.
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    Reinstatement of Dermacentor tricuspis (Schulze, 1933) n. comb., n. stat. (Acari: Ixodidae) as a valid species, synonymization of D. atrosignatus Neumann, 1906 and description of a new species from Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand
    (2021-06-01) Dmitry A. Apanaskevich; Maria A. Apanaskevich; Wanwipa Nooma; Arunee Ahantarig; Wachareeporn Trinachartvanit; Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Georgia Southern University; Mahidol University
    Re-examination of the holotype of Dermacentor atrosignatus Neumann, 1906 (Acari: Ixodidae) stored in the Natural History Museum (London, UK) revealed that this taxon is identical with D. auratus Supino, 1897 and should be treated as a junior synonym...-examination of extensive holdings of Oriental Dermacentor Koch, 1844 ticks stored in the United States National Tick Collection revealed that a morphologically distinct new species of this genus, namely D. falsosteini D. Apanaskevich, M. Apanaskevich & Nooma n
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    Temporal population variability in local forest communities has mixed effects on tree species richness across a latitudinal gradient
    (2020-01-01) Tak Fung; Ryan A. Chisholm; Kristina Anderson-Teixeira; Norm Bourg; Warren Y. Brockelman; Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin; Chia Hao Chang-Yang; Rutuja Chitra-Tarak; George Chuyong; Richard Condit; Handanakere S. Dattaraja; Stuart J. Davies; Corneille E.N. Ewango; Gary Fewless; Christine Fletcher; C. V.Savitri Gunatilleke; I. A.U.Nimal Gunatilleke; Zhanqing Hao; J. Aaron Hogan; Robert Howe; Chang Fu Hsieh; David Kenfack; Yi Ching Lin; Keping Ma; Jean Remy Makana; Sean McMahon; William J. McShea; Xiangcheng Mi; Anuttara Nathalang; Perry S. Ong; Geoffrey Parker; E. Ping Rau; Jessica Shue; Sheng Hsin Su; Raman Sukumar; I. Fang Sun; Hebbalalu S. Suresh; Sylvester Tan; Duncan Thomas; Jill Thompson; Renato Valencia; Martha I. Vallejo; Xugao Wang; Yunquan Wang; Pushpa Wijekoon; Amy Wolf; Sandra Yap; Jess Zimmerman; National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Thailand; Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador; University of Puerto Rico; University of the Philippines Diliman; Far Eastern University Manila; University of Peradeniya; University of Buea; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Field Museum of Natural History; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences; Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III; Tunghai University; Forest Research Institute Malaysia; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; National University of Singapore; Florida International University; Smithsonian Institution; Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru; Oregon State University; Mahidol University; National Dong Hwa University; Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; National Sun Yat-Sen University Taiwan; University of Wisconsin-Green Bay; Taiwan Forestry Research Institute; Los Alamos National Laboratory; National Taiwan University; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Wildlife Conservation Society; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
    © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS Among the local processes that determine species diversity in ecological communities, fluctuation-dependent mechanisms that are mediated by temporal variability in the abundances of species populations have received significant attention. Higher temporal variability in the abundances of species populations can increase the strength of temporal niche partitioning but can also increase the risk of species extinctions, such that the net effect on species coexistence is not clear. We quantified this temporal population variability for tree species in 21 large forest plots and found much greater variability for higher latitude plots with fewer tree species. A fitted mechanistic model showed that among the forest plots, the net effect of temporal population variability on tree species coexistence was usually negative, but sometimes positive or negligible. Therefore, our results suggest that temporal variability in the abundances of species populations has no clear negative or positive contribution to the latitudinal gradient in tree species richness.
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    CTFS-ForestGEO: A worldwide network monitoring forests in an era of global change
    (2015-01-01) Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira; Stuart J. Davies; Amy C. Bennett; Erika B. Gonzalez-Akre; Helene C. Muller-Landau; S. Joseph Wright; Kamariah Abu Salim; Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano; Alfonso Alonso; Jennifer L. Baltzer; Yves Basset; Norman A. Bourg; Eben N. Broadbent; Warren Y. Brockelman; Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin; David F.R.P. Burslem; Nathalie Butt; Min Cao; Dairon Cardenas; George B. Chuyong; Keith Clay; Susan Cordell; Handanakere S. Dattaraja; Xiaobao Deng; Matteo Detto; Xiaojun Du; Alvaro Duque; David L. Erikson; Corneille E.N. Ewango; Gunter A. Fischer; Christine Fletcher; Robin B. Foster; Christian P. Giardina; Gregory S. Gilbert; Nimal Gunatilleke; Savitri Gunatilleke; Zhanqing Hao; William W. Hargrove; Terese B. Hart; Billy C.H. Hau; Fangliang He; Forrest M. Hoffman; Robert W. Howe; Stephen P. Hubbell; Faith M. Inman-Narahari; Patrick A. Jansen; Mingxi Jiang; Daniel J. Johnson; Mamoru Kanzaki; Abdul Rahman Kassim; David Kenfack; Staline Kibet; Margaret F. Kinnaird; Lisa Korte; Kamil Kral; Jitendra Kumar; Andrew J. Larson; Yide Li; Xiankun Li; Shirong Liu; Shawn K.Y. Lum; James A. Lutz; Keping Ma; Damian M. Maddalena; Jean Remy Makana; Yadvinder Malhi; Toby Marthews; Rafizah Mat Serudin; Sean M. Mcmahon; William J. McShea; Hervé R. Memiaghe; Xiangcheng Mi; Takashi Mizuno; Michael Morecroft; Jonathan A. Myers; Vojtech Novotny; Alexandre A. de Oliveira; Perry S. Ong; David A. Orwig; Rebecca Ostertag; Jan den Ouden; Geoffrey G. Parker; Richard P. Phillips; Lawren Sack; Moses N. Sainge; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; National Zoological Park; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM; Stanford University; University of Alabama; National Zoological Park; Wilfrid Laurier University; Mahidol University; National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Thailand; University of Aberdeen; University of Queensland; University of Oxford; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming; Institute of Amazonian Research-Sinchi; University of Buea; Indiana University; USDA Forest Service; Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Conservation Forestière (CEFRECOF) Epulu; Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden; Forest Research Institute Malaysia; Field Museum of Natural History; University of California, Santa Cruz; University of Peradeniya; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation; The University of Hong Kong; University of Alberta; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Wisconsin Green Bay; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kyoto University; National Museums of Kenya; University of Nairobi; Mpala Research Centre; Wildlife Conservation Society; Silva Tarouca Research Institute; University of Montana; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Institute of Education, Singapore; Utah State University; Wildlife Conservation Society; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Natural England; Washington University in St. Louis; New Guinea Binatang Research Centre; Jihoceska Univerzita v Ceskuch Budejovicich; Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo; University of the Philippines Diliman; Harvard Forest; University of Hawaii at Hilo; Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG) Cameroon; Maejo University; National Dong Hwa University; Forest Department Sarawak; University of Toronto; Washington State University Vancouver; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; University of Puerto Rico, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies; Columbia University in the City of New York; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador; Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Da Amazonia
    © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Global change is impacting forests worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services including climate regulation. Understanding how forests respond is critical to forest conservation and climate protection. This review describes an international network of 59 long-term forest dynamics research sites (CTFS-ForestGEO) useful for characterizing forest responses to global change. Within very large plots (median size 25 ha), all stems ≥1 cm diameter are identified to species, mapped, and regularly recensused according to standardized protocols. CTFS-ForestGEO spans 25°S-61°N latitude, is generally representative of the range of bioclimatic, edaphic, and topographic conditions experienced by forests worldwide, and is the only forest monitoring network that applies a standardized protocol to each of the world's major forest biomes. Supplementary standardized measurements at subsets of the sites provide additional information on plants, animals, and ecosystem and environmental variables. CTFS-ForestGEO sites are experiencing multifaceted anthropogenic global change pressures including warming (average 0.61 °C), changes in precipitation (up to ±30% change), atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur compounds (up to 3.8 g N m-2 yr-1 and 3.1 g S m-2 yr-1), and forest fragmentation in the surrounding landscape (up to 88% reduced tree cover within 5 km). The broad suite of measurements made at CTFS-ForestGEO sites makes it possible to investigate the complex ways in which global change is impacting forest dynamics. Ongoing research across the CTFS-ForestGEO network is yielding insights into how and why the forests are changing, and continued monitoring will provide vital contributions to understanding worldwide forest diversity and dynamics in an era of global change.
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    Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight
    (2021-03-01) Maria L.C. Iurilli; Bin Zhou; James E. Bennett; Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco; Marisa K. Sophiea; Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez; Honor Bixby; Bethlehem D. Solomon; Cristina Taddei; Goodarz Danaei; Mariachiara Di Cesare; Gretchen A. Stevens; Leanne M. Riley; Stefan Savin; Melanie J. Cowan; Pascal Bovet; Albertino Damasceno; Adela Chirita-Emandi; Alison J. Hayes; Nayu Ikeda; Rod T. Jackson; Young Ho Khang; Avula Laxmaiah; Jing Liu; J. Jaime Miranda; Olfa Saidi; Sylvain Sebert; Maroje Sorić; Gregor Starc; Edward W. Gregg; Leandra Abarca-Gómez; Ziad A. Abdeen; Shynar Abdrakhmanova; Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar; Hanan F.Abdul Rahim; Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh; Jamila Abubakar Garba; Benjamin Acosta-Cazares; Robert J. Adams; Wichai Aekplakorn; Kaosar Afsana; Shoaib Afzal; Imelda A. Agdeppa; Javad Aghazadeh-Attari; Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas; Charles Agyemang; Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad; Noor Ani Ahmad; Ali Ahmadi; Naser Ahmadi; Soheir H. Ahmed; Wolfgang Ahrens; Gulmira Aitmurzaeva; Kamel Ajlouni; Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa; Badreya Al-Lahou; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Monira Alarouj; Fadia AlBuhairan; Shahla AlDhukair; Mohamed M. Ali; Abdullah Alkandari; Aláa Alkerwi; Kristine Allin; Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol; Eman Aly; Deepak N. Amarapurkar; Parisa Amiri; Norbert Amougou; Philippe Amouyel; Lars Bo Andersen; Sigmund A. Anderssen; Lars Ängquist; Ranjit Mohan Anjana; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri; Joana Araújo; Inger Ariansen; Tahir Aris; Raphael E. Arku; Nimmathota Arlappa; Krishna K. Aryal; Thor Aspelund; Felix K. Assah; Maria Cecília F. Assunção; May Soe Aung; Juha Auvinen; Mária Avdicová; Shina Avi; Ana Azevedo; Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad; Fereidoun Azizi; Mehrdad Azmin; Bontha V. Babu; Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen; Azli Baharudin; Suhad Bahijri; Jennifer L. Baker; Nagalla Balakrishna; Mohamed Bamoshmoosh; Dasman Diabetes Institute; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center; University of Science and Technology, Yemen; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona; Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences; Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; Université de Lille; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Ministry of Health Seychelles; Qatar University; Birzeit University; Universidade Eduardo Mondlane; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Haskoli Islands; Université de Yaoundé I; Université de Tunis El Manar; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research; National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics Jordan; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Usmanu Danfodiyo University; Al-Quds University; Univerza v Ljubljani; Københavns Universitet; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Organisation Mondiale de la Santé; The University of Sydney; Indian Council of Medical Research; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Endocrine Science; Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; Urmia University of Medical Sciences; Flinders University; Statens Institut for Folkesundhed; CHU Lille; National Institute of Nutrition India; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP); Oulu University Hospital; Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Victor Babes din Timisoara; Copenhagen University Hospital; Imperial College London; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Middlesex University; Seoul National University; University of Oulu; Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia; Mahidol University; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre; Universitetet i Oslo; Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; BRAC University; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; University of Zagreb; Universität Bremen; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Universidade do Porto; Frederiksberg Hospital; National Institute of Biomedical Innovation; The University of Auckland; Tel Aviv University; King Abdulaziz University; Norges idrettshøgskole; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Université de Lausanne (UNIL); Madras Diabetes Research Foundation; National Center of Public Healthcare; Abt Associates; University of Medicine 1; Aldara Hospital and Medical Center; Republican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication; Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica; National Institute of Public Health
    From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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    A global-scale screening of non-native aquatic organisms to identify potentially invasive species under current and future climate conditions
    (2021-09-20) Lorenzo Vilizzi; Gordon H. Copp; Jeffrey E. Hill; Boris Adamovich; Luke Aislabie; Daniel Akin; Abbas J. Al-Faisal; David Almeida; M. N.Amal Azmai; Rigers Bakiu; Adriana Bellati; Renée Bernier; Jason M. Bies; Gökçen Bilge; Paulo Branco; Thuyet D. Bui; João Canning-Clode; Henrique Anatole Cardoso Ramos; Gustavo A. Castellanos-Galindo; Nuno Castro; Ratcha Chaichana; Paula Chainho; Joleen Chan; Almir M. Cunico; Amelia Curd; Punyanuch Dangchana; Dimitriy Dashinov; Phil I. Davison; Mariele P. de Camargo; Jennifer A. Dodd; Allison L. Durland Donahou; Lennart Edsman; F. Güler Ekmekçi; Jessica Elphinstone-Davis; Tibor Erős; Charlotte Evangelista; Gemma Fenwick; Árpád Ferincz; Teresa Ferreira; Eric Feunteun; Halit Filiz; Sandra C. Forneck; Helen S. Gajduchenko; João Gama Monteiro; Ignacio Gestoso; Daniela Giannetto; Allan S. Gilles; Francesca Gizzi; Branko Glamuzina; Luka Glamuzina; Jesica Goldsmit; Stephan Gollasch; Philippe Goulletquer; Joanna Grabowska; Rogan Harmer; Phillip J. Haubrock; Dekui He; Jeffrey W. Hean; Gábor Herczeg; Kimberly L. Howland; Ali İlhan; Elena Interesova; Katarína Jakubčinová; Anders Jelmert; Stein I. Johnsen; Tomasz Kakareko; Kamalaporn Kanongdate; Nurçin Killi; Jeong Eun Kim; Şerife Gülsün Kırankaya; Dominika Kňazovická; Oldřich Kopecký; Vasil Kostov; Nicholas Koutsikos; Sebastian Kozic; Tatia Kuljanishvili; Biju Kumar; Lohith Kumar; Yoshihisa Kurita; Irmak Kurtul; Lorenzo Lazzaro; Laura Lee; Maiju Lehtiniemi; Giovanni Leonardi; Rob S.E.W. Leuven; Shan Li; Tatsiana Lipinskaya; Fei Liu; Lance Lloyd; Massimo Lorenzoni; Sergio Alberto Luna; Timothy J. Lyons; Kit Magellan; Martin Malmstrøm; Agnese Marchini; Sean M. Marr; Gérard Masson; Laurence Masson; Cynthia H. McKenzie; Daniyar Memedemin; Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment; Shanghai Science and Technology Museum; Lancaster Environment Centre; ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore; Scientific and Practical Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources; University of Coimbra, Marine and Environmental Sciences Center; Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University; Université de Lorraine; Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of the Siberian Branch of the RAS; Florida Southern College; SS Cyril and Methodius University; Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research; Agricultural University of Tirana; University of Santo Tomas, Manila; University of Basrah; Università degli Studi della Tuscia Viterbo; Belarusian State University; Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Kerala; Trent University; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Bournemouth University; Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet; Gulf Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences; University of Dubrovnik; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Finnish Environment Institute; Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Düzce Üniversitesi; Havforskningsinstituttet; Ovidius University of Constanta; Chungnam National University; Ege Üniversitesi; Kasetsart University; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Liverpool; Hacettepe Üniversitesi; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski; IFREMER Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer; Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi; Edinburgh Napier University; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; National University of Singapore; Centre for the Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science; Tomsk State University; Radboud Universiteit; Università degli Studi di Pavia; Universidade Federal do Parana; National Research Council of Thailand; Universidad San Pablo-CEU; University of Florida; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity; Auburn University; University of Northern British Columbia; Kyushu University; Federation University Australia; Universitetet i Oslo; University of Lodz; Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal; Hellenic Centre for Marine Research; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa; Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave; Mississippi State University; Sorbonne Universite; Novosibirsk branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography; Water; University of Battambang; Lloyd Environmental Pty Ltd; Albanian Center for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development; Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM); Hierofalcon Research Group; New Mexico BioPark Society; Nature and Environment Management Operators s.r.l.; Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science; Balaton Limnological Institute; Brazilian Ministry of Environment; GoConsult
    The threat posed by invasive non-native species worldwide requires a global approach to identify which introduced species are likely to pose an elevated risk of impact to native species and ecosystems. To inform policy, stakeholders and management decisions on global threats to aquatic ecosystems, 195 assessors representing 120 risk assessment areas across all six inhabited continents screened 819 non-native species from 15 groups of aquatic organisms (freshwater, brackish, marine plants and animals) using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. This multi-lingual decision-support tool for the risk screening of aquatic organisms provides assessors with risk scores for a species under current and future climate change conditions that, following a statistically based calibration, permits the accurate classification of species into high-, medium- and low-risk categories under current and predicted climate conditions. The 1730 screenings undertaken encompassed wide geographical areas (regions, political entities, parts thereof, water bodies, river basins, lake drainage basins, and marine regions), which permitted thresholds to be identified for almost all aquatic organismal groups screened as well as for tropical, temperate and continental climate classes, and for tropical and temperate marine ecoregions. In total, 33 species were identified as posing a ‘very high risk’ of being or becoming invasive, and the scores of several of these species under current climate increased under future climate conditions, primarily due to their wide thermal tolerances. The risk thresholds determined for taxonomic groups and climate zones provide a basis against which area-specific or climate-based calibrated thresholds may be interpreted. In turn, the risk rankings help decision-makers identify which species require an immediate ‘rapid’ management action (e.g. eradication, control) to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, which require a full risk assessment, and which are to be restricted or banned with regard to importation and/or sale as ornamental or aquarium/fishery enhancement.