Browsing by Author "Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila"

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    The adequacy of micronutrient concentrations in manufactured complementary foods from low-income countries
    (2011-05-01) Michelle Gibbs; Karl B. Bailey; Rebecca D. Lander; Umi Fahmida; Leah Perlas; Sonja Y. Hess; Cornelia U. Loechl; Pattanee Winichagoon; Rosalind S. Gibson; University of Otago; Universitas Indonesia; Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila; University of California, Davis; International Potato Center (CIP); Mahidol University
    Iron, zinc, and calcium in complementary foods (CFs) are defined as problem micronutrients by the World Health Organization (WHO), as their concentrations in CFs fall below the calculated requirements for breast-fed infants of micronutrients obtained from CFs. Consequently, manufacturers often fortify plant-based CFs with these three micronutrients. We have analyzed concentrations of iron, zinc, calcium, and phytic acid (as hexa- and penta-inositol phosphates) in 57 cereal-based CFs pu rchased in five countries each in Africa and Asia. Molar ratios of phytate:iron, phytate:zinc, and phytate:calcium were also calculated. Intakes of iron, zinc, and calcium from these CFs were then calculated assuming breast-fed infants aged 9-11 months consume the recommended daily ration size of CF (40. g/d; dry weight), and compared with WHO estimated needs from CFs. Even though manufacturers claimed to fortify 84% (48/57) of the CFs, 79%, 10% and 32% had molar ratios for phytate:iron, phytate:zinc, and phytate:calcium, respectively, above desirable levels. Despite fortification, only ∼4% of the CFs met the WHO estimated needs for breast-fed infants aged 9-11 months for iron, 2% for zinc, and ∼4% for calcium. Appropriate fortification of cereal-based CFs is necessary to ensure they meet WHO estimated needs for iron, zinc, and calcium for breast-fed infants. © 2011.
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    Asian workshop on iron fortification of foods
    (2005-04-27) Rodolfo F. Florentino; Barbara Underwood; Richard Hurrell; Junshi Chen; Huo Junsheng; Naihu Ju; Nguyen Cong Khan; Phan Van Thuy; Takashi Togami; Budianto Wijaya; Corazon V C Barba; Pattanee Winichagoon; Visith Chavasit; Arun Kelkar; Jacques Berger; Chen Chunming; Sonya Rabeneck; Nutrition Center of the Philippines; National Academy of Sciences; Ecoles polytechniques federales; Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety; Unilever; National Institute of Nutrition; ILSI; Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila; Mahidol University; Hexagon Chemoils Pvt. Ltd; IRD Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement
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    Ethnic differences in the relationship between body mass index and percentage body fat among Asian children from different backgrounds
    (2011-11-14) Ailing Liu; Nuala M. Byrne; Masaharu Kagawa; Guansheng Ma; Bee Koon Poh; Mohammad Noor Ismail; Kallaya Kijboonchoo; Lara Nasreddine; Trinidad Palad Trinidad; Andrew P. Hills; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Queensland University of Technology QUT; Kagawa Nutrition University; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Mahidol University; American University of Beirut; Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila
    Overweight and obesity in Asian children are increasing at an alarming rate; therefore a better understanding of the relationship between BMI and percentage body fat (%BF) in this population is important. A total of 1039 children aged 8-10 years, encompassing a wide BMI range, were recruited from China, Lebanon, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. Body composition was determined using the 2 H dilution technique to quantify total body water and subsequently fat mass, fat-free mass and %BF. Ethnic differences in the BMI-%BF relationship were found; for example, %BF in Filipino boys was approximately 2 % lower than in their Thai and Malay counterparts. In contrast, Thai girls had approximately 2•0 % higher %BF values than in their Chinese, Lebanese, Filipino and Malay counterparts at a given BMI. However, the ethnic difference in the BMI-%BF relationship varied by BMI. Compared with Caucasian children of the same age, Asian children had 3-6 units lower BMI at a given %BF. Approximately one-third of the obese Asian children (%BF above 25 % for boys and above 30 % for girls) in the study were not identified using the WHO classification and more than half using the International Obesity Task Force classification. Use of the Chinese classification increased the sensitivity. Results confirmed the necessity to consider ethnic differences in body composition when developing BMI cut-points and other obesity criteria in Asian children. © 2011 The Authors.
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    Global, regional, and national consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices, and milk: A systematic assessment of beverage intake in 187 countries
    (2015-08-05) Gitanjali M. Singh; Renata Micha; Shahab Khatibzadeh; Peilin Shi; Stephen Lim; Kathryn G. Andrews; Rebecca E. Engell; Majid Ezzati; Dariush Mozaffarian; Saman Fahimi; John Powles; Ibrahim Elmadfa; Mayuree Rao; Pattra Wirojratana; Pamela A. Abbott; Morteza Abdollahi; Enrique Abeyá Gilardon; Habibul Ahsan; Mohannad Abed Alfattah Al Nsour; Suad N. Al-Hooti; Carukshi Arambepola; Hubert Arennes; Simon Arquera; Ana Aylin; Wulf Becker; Peter Bjerregaard; Lesley T. Bourne; Neville Calleja; Mario V. Capanzana; Katia Castetbon; Hsing Yi Chang; Yu Chen; Melanie J. Cowan; Stefaan De Henauw; Eric L. Ding; Charmaine A. Duante; Pablo Duran; Heléne Enghardt Arbieri; Farshad Farzadfar; Dulitha N. Fernando; Aida Filipovic Hadziomeragic; Regina M. Fisberg; Simon Forsyth; Didier Garriguet; Jean Michel Gaspoz; Dorothy Gauci; Brahmam N.V. Ginnela; Idris Guessous; Martin C. Gulliford; Wilbur Hadden; Christian Haerpfer; Daniel J. Hoffman; Anahita Houshiar-Rad; Inge Huybrechts; Nahla C. Hwalla; Hajah Masni Ibrahim; Manami Inoue; Maria D. Jackson; Lars Johansson; Lital Keinan-Boker; Cho Il Kim; Eda Koksal; Hae Jeung Lee; Yanping Li; Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto; Guansheng Ma; Guadalupe L. Mangialavori; Yasuhiro Matsumura; Stephen T. McGarvey; Mei Fen Chan; Gert B.M. Mensink; Rafael A. Monge-Rojas; Abdulrahman O. Musaiger; Nagalla Balakrishna; Androniki Naska; Marga C. Ocke; Maciej Oltarzewski; Philippos Orfanos; Marja Leena Ovaskainen; Wen Harn Pan; Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos; Gulden A. Pekcan; Stefka Petrova; Noppawan Piaseu; Christos Pitsavos; Luz Gladys Posada; Leanne M. Riley; Luz Maria Sánchez-Romero; Rusidah B.T. Selamat; Sangita Sharma; Abla Mehio Sibai; Rosely Sichieri; Chansimaly Simmala; Laufey Steingrimsdottir; Gillian Swan; Elzbieta Halina Sygnowska; Lucjan Szponar; Tufts University; Harvard School of Public Health; University of Washington, Seattle; Imperial College London; Geoponiko Panepistimion Athinon; University of Cambridge; Universitat Wien; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; African Leaders Malaria Alliance; University of Aberdeen; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Ministerio de Salud; University of Chicago; Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET); Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research; University of Colombo Faculty of Medicine; Institut Francophone pour la Médecine Tropicale; Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; National Food Agency; Statens Institut for Folkesundhed; South African Medical Research Council; Department of Health Information and Research; Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila; Institut de Veille Sanitaire; National Health Research Institutes Taiwan; NYU School of Medicine; Universiteit Gent; Harvard Medical School; Ministerio de Salud de la Nación (National Health Ministry; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP; University of Queensland; Hopitaux universitaires de Geneve; National Institute of Nutrition India; King's College London; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; American University of Beirut; Ministry of Health; National Cancer Center Tokyo; University of the West Indies; Israel Ministry of Health; Korea Health Industry Development Institute; Gazi Universitesi; Universitas Andalas; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Bunkyo University; Brown University; Robert Koch Institut; Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education and Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA); Arab Center for Nutrition; University of Athens Medical School; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment; National Food and Nutrition Institute; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Harokopio University; Hacettepe Universitesi; National Center of Public Health and Analyses; Mahidol University; Universidad de Antioquia; Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Institut of Tropical Medecin; National Institute of Cardiology; University of Athens
    © 2015 Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fruit juice, and milk are components of diet of major public health interest. To-date, assessment of their global distributions and health impacts has been limited by insufficient comparable and reliable data by country, age, and sex. Objective To quantify global, regional, and national levels of SSB, fruit juice, and milk intake by age and sex in adults over age 20 in 2010. Methods We identified, obtained, and assessed data on intakes of these beverages in adults, by age and sex, from 193 nationally- or subnationally-representative diet surveys worldwide, representing over half the world's population. We also extracted data relevant to milk, fruit juice, and SSB availability for 187 countries from annual food balance information collected by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to account for measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modeling uncertainty, and to combine and harmonize nationally representative dietary survey data and food availability data. Results In 2010, global average intakes were 0.58 (95%UI: 0.37, 0.89) 8 oz servings/day for SSBs, 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) for fruit juice, and 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) for milk. There was significant heterogeneity in consumption of each beverage by region and age. Intakes of SSB were highest in the Caribbean (1.9 servings/day; 1.2, 3.0); fruit juice consumption was highest in Australia and New Zealand (0.66; 0.35, 1.13); and milk intake was highest in Central Latin America and parts of Europe (1.06; 0.68, 1.59). Intakes of all three beverages were lowest in East Asia and Oceania. Globally and within regions, SSB consumption was highest in younger adults; fruit juice consumption showed little relation with age; and milk intakes were highest in older adults. Conclusions Our analysis highlights the enormous spectrum of beverage intakes worldwide, by country, age, and sex. These data are valuable for highlighting gaps in dietary surveillance, determining the impacts of these beverages on global health, and targeting dietary policy.
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    Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight
    (2021-03-01) Maria L.C. Iurilli; Bin Zhou; James E. Bennett; Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco; Marisa K. Sophiea; Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez; Honor Bixby; Bethlehem D. Solomon; Cristina Taddei; Goodarz Danaei; Mariachiara Di Cesare; Gretchen A. Stevens; Leanne M. Riley; Stefan Savin; Melanie J. Cowan; Pascal Bovet; Albertino Damasceno; Adela Chirita-Emandi; Alison J. Hayes; Nayu Ikeda; Rod T. Jackson; Young Ho Khang; Avula Laxmaiah; Jing Liu; J. Jaime Miranda; Olfa Saidi; Sylvain Sebert; Maroje Sorić; Gregor Starc; Edward W. Gregg; Leandra Abarca-Gómez; Ziad A. Abdeen; Shynar Abdrakhmanova; Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar; Hanan F.Abdul Rahim; Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh; Jamila Abubakar Garba; Benjamin Acosta-Cazares; Robert J. Adams; Wichai Aekplakorn; Kaosar Afsana; Shoaib Afzal; Imelda A. Agdeppa; Javad Aghazadeh-Attari; Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas; Charles Agyemang; Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad; Noor Ani Ahmad; Ali Ahmadi; Naser Ahmadi; Soheir H. Ahmed; Wolfgang Ahrens; Gulmira Aitmurzaeva; Kamel Ajlouni; Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa; Badreya Al-Lahou; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Monira Alarouj; Fadia AlBuhairan; Shahla AlDhukair; Mohamed M. Ali; Abdullah Alkandari; Aláa Alkerwi; Kristine Allin; Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol; Eman Aly; Deepak N. Amarapurkar; Parisa Amiri; Norbert Amougou; Philippe Amouyel; Lars Bo Andersen; Sigmund A. Anderssen; Lars Ängquist; Ranjit Mohan Anjana; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri; Joana Araújo; Inger Ariansen; Tahir Aris; Raphael E. Arku; Nimmathota Arlappa; Krishna K. Aryal; Thor Aspelund; Felix K. Assah; Maria Cecília F. Assunção; May Soe Aung; Juha Auvinen; Mária Avdicová; Shina Avi; Ana Azevedo; Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad; Fereidoun Azizi; Mehrdad Azmin; Bontha V. Babu; Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen; Azli Baharudin; Suhad Bahijri; Jennifer L. Baker; Nagalla Balakrishna; Mohamed Bamoshmoosh; Dasman Diabetes Institute; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center; University of Science and Technology, Yemen; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona; Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences; Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; Université de Lille; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Ministry of Health Seychelles; Qatar University; Birzeit University; Universidade Eduardo Mondlane; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Haskoli Islands; Université de Yaoundé I; Université de Tunis El Manar; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research; National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics Jordan; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Usmanu Danfodiyo University; Al-Quds University; Univerza v Ljubljani; Københavns Universitet; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Organisation Mondiale de la Santé; The University of Sydney; Indian Council of Medical Research; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Endocrine Science; Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; Urmia University of Medical Sciences; Flinders University; Statens Institut for Folkesundhed; CHU Lille; National Institute of Nutrition India; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP); Oulu University Hospital; Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Victor Babes din Timisoara; Copenhagen University Hospital; Imperial College London; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Middlesex University; Seoul National University; University of Oulu; Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia; Mahidol University; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre; Universitetet i Oslo; Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; BRAC University; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; University of Zagreb; Universität Bremen; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Universidade do Porto; Frederiksberg Hospital; National Institute of Biomedical Innovation; The University of Auckland; Tel Aviv University; King Abdulaziz University; Norges idrettshøgskole; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Université de Lausanne (UNIL); Madras Diabetes Research Foundation; National Center of Public Healthcare; Abt Associates; University of Medicine 1; Aldara Hospital and Medical Center; Republican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication; Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica; National Institute of Public Health
    From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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    Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
    (2020-06-04) Cristina Taddei; Bin Zhou; Honor Bixby; Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco; Goodarz Danaei; Rod T. Jackson; Farshad Farzadfar; Marisa K. Sophiea; Mariachiara Di Cesare; Maria Laura Caminia Iurilli; Andrea Rodriguez Martinez; Golaleh Asghari; Klodian Dhana; Pablo Gulayin; Sujay Kakarmath; Marilina Santero; Trudy Voortman; Leanne M. Riley; Melanie J. Cowan; Stefan Savin; James E. Bennett; Gretchen A. Stevens; Christopher J. Paciorek; Wichai Aekplakorn; Renata Cifkova; Simona Giampaoli; Andre Pascal Kengne; Young Ho Khang; Kari Kuulasmaa; Avula Laxmaiah; Paula Margozzini; Prashant Mathur; Børge G. Nordestgaard; Dong Zhao; Mette Aadahl; Leandra Abarca-Gómez; Hanan Abdul Rahim; Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh; Benjamin Acosta-Cazares; Robert J. Adams; Imelda A. Agdeppa; Javad Aghazadeh-Attari; Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas; Charles Agyemang; Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia; Noor Ani Ahmad; Ali Ahmadi; Naser Ahmadi; Soheir H. Ahmed; Wolfgang Ahrens; Kamel Ajlouni; Monira Alarouj; Fadia AlBuhairan; Shahla AlDhukair; Mohamed M. Ali; Abdullah Alkandari; Ala’a Alkerwi; Eman Aly; Deepak N. Amarapurkar; Philippe Amouyel; Lars Bo Andersen; Sigmund A. Anderssen; Ranjit Mohan Anjana; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri; Joana Araújo; Inger Ariansen; Tahir Aris; Raphael E. Arku; Nimmathota Arlappa; Krishna K. Aryal; Thor Aspelund; Maria Cecília F. Assunção; Juha Auvinen; Mária Avdicová; Ana Azevedo; Fereidoun Azizi; Mehrdad Azmin; Nagalla Balakrishna; Mohamed Bamoshmoosh; Maciej Banach; Piotr Bandosz; José R. Banegas; Carlo M. Barbagallo; Alberto Barceló; Amina Barkat; Iqbal Bata; Anwar M. Batieha; Assembekov Batyrbek; Louise A. Baur; Robert Beaglehole; Antonisamy Belavendra; Habiba Ben Romdhane; Mikhail Benet; Marianne Benn; Salim Berkinbayev; Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz; Gailute Bernotiene; Heloisa Bettiol; Santosh K. Bhargava; Dasman Diabetes Institute; University of Science and Technology, Yemen; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas; Kazakh National Medical University; Université de Lille; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Qatar University; Birzeit University; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Al Farabi Kazakh National University; Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Haskoli Islands; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires; University of Tunis El Manar; National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics Jordan; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Erasmus MC; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; South African Medical Research Council; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Organisation Mondiale de la Santé; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; The University of Sydney; Indian Council of Medical Research; University of California, Berkeley; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Endocrine Science; Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; Urmia University of Medical Sciences; Flinders University; Mohammed V University in Rabat; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Rush University Medical Center; Università degli Studi di Palermo; National Institute of Nutrition India; Oulu University Hospital; Charles University; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen; Dalhousie University; Copenhagen University Hospital; Imperial College London; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Middlesex University; Pan American Health Organization; Seoul National University; Oulun Yliopisto; Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia; Mahidol University; Gdanski Uniwersytet Medyczny; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre; Universitetet i Oslo; Istituto Superiore Di Sanita; Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; University of Bremen; Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP; Universidade do Porto; Frederiksberg Hospital; Medical University of Lodz; University of Auckland; Norges idrettshøgskole; Harvard Medical School; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Christian Medical College, Vellore; Madras Diabetes Research Foundation; Abt Associates; Independent Researcher; Aldara Hospital and Medical Center; Cafam University Foundation; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare; National Institute of Public Health; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; Thomayer Hospital; Regional Authority of Public Health; Sunder Lal Jain Hospital
    © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
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    Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for total body water assessment against the deuterium dilution technique in Asian children
    (2011-12-01) A. Liu; N. M. Byrne; G. Ma; L. Nasreddine; T. P. Trinidad; K. Kijboonchoo; M. N. Ismail; M. Kagawa; B. K. Poh; A. P. Hills; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Queensland University of Technology QUT; American University of Beirut; Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila; Mahidol University; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kagawa Nutrition University
    Background/Objectives: To develop and cross-validate bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) prediction equations of total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) for Asian pre-pubertal children from China, Lebanon, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. Subjects/Methods: Height, weight, age, gender, resistance and reactance measured by BIA were collected from 948 Asian children (492 boys and 456 girls) aged 8-10 years from the five countries. The deuterium dilution technique was used as the criterion method for the estimation of TBW and FFM. The BIA equations were developed using stepwise multiple regression analysis and cross-validated using the Bland-Altman approach. Results: The BIA prediction equation for the estimation of TBW was as follows: TBW=0.231 × height 2/resistance+ 0.066 × height+0.188 × weight+0.128 × age+0.500 × sex-0.316 × Thais-4.574 (R 2 =88.0%, root mean square error (RMSE)=1.3 kg), and for the estimation of FFM was as follows: FFM=0.299 × height 2 / resistance+0.086 × height+0.245 × weight+0.260 × age+0.901 × sex-0.415 × ethnicity (Thai ethnicity = 1, others = 0)-6.952 (R 2 88.3%, RMSE=1.7 kg). No significant difference between measured and predicted values for the whole cross-validation sample was found. However, the prediction equation for estimation of TBW/FFM tended to overestimate TBW/FFM at lower levels whereas underestimate at higher levels of TBW/FFM. Accuracy of the general equation for TBW and FFM was also valid at each body mass index category.Conclusions:Ethnicity influences the relationship between BIA and body composition in Asian pre-pubertal children. The newly developed BIA prediction equations are valid for use in Asian pre-pubertal children. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.
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    Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
    (2021-09-11) Bin Zhou; Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco; Goodarz Danaei; Leanne M. Riley; Christopher J. Paciorek; Gretchen A. Stevens; Edward W. Gregg; James E. Bennett; Bethlehem Solomon; Rosie K. Singleton; Marisa K. Sophiea; Maria L.C. Iurilli; Victor P.F. Lhoste; Melanie J. Cowan; Stefan Savin; Mark Woodward; Yulia Balanova; Renata Cifkova; Albertino Damasceno; Paul Elliott; Farshad Farzadfar; Jiang He; Nayu Ikeda; Andre P. Kengne; Young Ho Khang; Hyeon Chang Kim; Avula Laxmaiah; Hsien Ho Lin; Paula Margozzini Maira; J. Jaime Miranda; Hannelore Neuhauser; Johan Sundström; Cherian Varghese; Indah S. Widyahening; Tomasz Zdrojewski; Majid Ezzati; Leandra Abarca-Gómez; Ziad A. Abdeen; Hanan F. Abdul Rahim; Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh; Benjamin Acosta-Cazares; Robert J. Adams; Wichai Aekplakorn; Kaosar Afsana; Shoaib Afzal; Imelda A. Agdeppa; Javad Aghazadeh-Attari; Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas; Charles Agyemang; Noor Ani Ahmad; Ali Ahmadi; Naser Ahmadi; Nastaran Ahmadi; Fariba Ahmadizar; Soheir H. Ahmed; Wolfgang Ahrens; Kamel Ajlouni; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Monira Alarouj; Fadia AlBuhairan; Shahla AlDhukair; Mohamed M. Ali; Abdullah Alkandari; Ala’a Alkerwi; Kristine Allin; Eman Aly; Deepak N. Amarapurkar; Norbert Amougou; Philippe Amouyel; Lars Bo Andersen; Sigmund A. Anderssen; Ranjit Mohan Anjana; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Daniel Ansong; Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri; Joana Araújo; Inger Ariansen; Tahir Aris; Raphael E. Arku; Nimmathota Arlappa; Krishna K. Aryal; Thor Aspelund; Felix K. Assah; Maria Cecília F. Assunção; Juha Auvinen; Mária Avdićová; Ana Azevedo; Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad; Fereidoun Azizi; Mehrdad Azmin; Bontha V. Babu; Suhad Bahijri; Nagalla Balakrishna; Mohamed Bamoshmoosh; Maciej Banach; Maja Banadinović; Piotr Bandosz; José R. Banegas; Joanna Baran; Carlo M. Barbagallo; Éco-anthropologie; Dasman Diabetes Institute; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences; Université de Lille; Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; Qatar University; Birzeit University; Universidade Eduardo Mondlane; Luxembourg Institute of Health; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Haskoli Islands; Université de Yaoundé I; Universitas Indonesia; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Erasmus MC; Al-Quds University; Københavns Universitet; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; South African Medical Research Council; UNSW Sydney; Organisation Mondiale de la Santé; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Indian Council of Medical Research; University of California, Berkeley; Urmia University of Medical Sciences; Flinders University; University of Ghana; CHU Lille; Università degli Studi di Palermo; Tulane University; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP); Yonsei University; Oulu University Hospital; Charles University; Robert Koch Institut; Copenhagen University Hospital; Imperial College London; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Oulu; Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia; Mahidol University; Gdanski Uniwersytet Medyczny; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre; Universitetet i Oslo; Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; BRAC University; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences; University of Rzeszów; Universidade do Porto; Frederiksberg Hospital; Medical University of Lodz; University of Zagreb School of Medicine; National Institute of Biomedical Innovation; National Taiwan University; King Abdulaziz University; Norges idrettshøgskole; Uppsala Universitet; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Madras Diabetes Research Foundation; ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center; University of Science and Technology; Modeling in the Health Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Abt Associates; Natl. Preventive Medicine Res. Ctr.; Aldara Hospital and Medical Center; Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica; National Center for Diabetes; National Institute of Public Health; Thomayer Hospital; WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
    Background: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings: The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Funding: WHO.