Browsing by Author "Shanghai Jiao Tong University"
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Publication Metadata only The benefits of combination therapy with esomeprazole and rebamipide in symptom improvement in reflux esophagitis: An international multicenter study(2016-11-01) Su Jin Hong; Soo Heon Park; Jeong Seop Moon; Woon Geon Shin; Jae Gyu Kim; Yong Chan Lee; Dong Ho Lee; Jae Young Jang; Jae J. Kim; Hang Lak Lee; Sang Woo Lee; Young Hwangbo; Jianming Xu; Bangmao Wang; Zhanxiong Xue; Fei Liu; Yaozong Yuan; Somchai Leelakusolvong; Frederick Dy; Soonchunhyang University, College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine; Inje University Paik Hospital; Hallym University, College of Medicine; Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Kyung Hee University; SungKyunKwan University, School of Medicine; HanYang University, College of Medicine; Korea University Medical Center; Anhui Medical University; Tianjin Medical University; Wenzhou Medical University; Tongji University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Mahidol University; University of Santo Tomas HospitalBackground/Aims: To investigate the effects of esomeprazole and rebamipide combination therapy on symptomatic improvement in patients with reflux esophagitis. Methods: A total of 501 patients with reflux esophagitis were randomized into one of the following two treatment regimens: 40 mg esomeprazole plus 300 mg rebamipide daily (combination therapy group) or 40 mg esomeprazole daily (monotherapy group). We used a symptom questionnaire that evaluated heartburn, acid regurgitation, and four upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The primary efficacy end point was the mean decrease in the total symptom score. Results: The mean decreases in the total symptom score at 4 weeks were estimated to be -18.1±13.8 in the combination therapy group and -15.1±11.9 in the monotherapy group (p=0.011). Changes in reflux symptoms from baseline after 4 weeks of treatment were -8.4±6.6 in the combination therapy group and -6.8±5.9 in the monotherapy group (p=0.009). Conclusions: Over a 4-week treatment course, esomeprazole and rebamipide combination therapy was more effective in decreasing the symptoms of reflux esophagitis than esomeprazole monotherapy.Publication Metadata only Bioenergy potential of Wolffia arrhiza appraised through pyrolysis, kinetics, thermodynamics parameters and TG-FTIR-MS study of the evolved gases(2018-04-01) Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad; Muhammad Aamer Mehmood; Chen Guang Liu; Abdul Tawab; Feng Wu Bai; Chularat Sakdaronnarong; Jianren Xu; Sawsan Abdulaziz Rahimuddin; Munazza Gull; Sichuan University of Science & Engineering; Government College University Faisalabad; National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Pakistan; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Mahidol University; King Abdulaziz University© 2018 Elsevier Ltd This study evaluated the bioenergy potential of Wolffia arrhiza via pyrolysis. The biomass was collected from the pond receiving city wastewater. Oven dried powdered biomass was exposed to thermal degradation at three heating rates (10, 30 and 50° C min−1) using Thermogravimetry–Differential Scanning Calorimetry analyzer in an inert environment. Data obtained were subjected to the isoconversional models of Kissenger-Akahira-Sunose (KSA) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) to elucidate the reaction chemistry. Kinetic parameters including, Ea (136–172 kJmol−1) and Gibb's free energy (171 kJmol−1) showed the remarkable bioenergy potential of the biomass. The average enthalpies indicated that the product formation is favored during pyrolysis. Advanced coupled TG-FTIR-MS analyses showed the evolved gases to contain the compounds containing C[dbnd]O functional groups (aldehydes, ketones), aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons as major pyrolytic products. This low-cost abundant biomass may be used to produce energy and chemicals in a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly way.Publication Metadata only Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Asian countries: An Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) study(2012-03-01) So Hyun Kim; Jae Hoon Song; Doo Ryeon Chung; Visanu Thamlikitkul; Yonghong Yang; Hui Wang; Min Lu; Thomas Man Kit So; Po Ren Hsueh; Rohani M. Yasin; Celia C. Carlos; Hung Van Pham; M. K. Lalitha; Nobuyuki Shimono; Jennifer Perera; Atef M. Shibl; Jin Yang Baek; Cheol In Kang; Kwan Soo Ko; Kyong Ran Peck; Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID); SungKyunKwan University, School of Medicine; Mahidol University; Capital Medical University China; Peking Union Medical College; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong; National Taiwan University Hospital; Institute for Medical Research Kuala Lumpur; Gokila; University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Madras Medical Mission; Kyushu University Hospital; University of Colombo; King Saud University; Peking UniversityAntimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a serious concern worldwide, particularly in Asian countries, despite the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). The Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) performed a prospective surveillance study of 2,184 S. pneumoniae isolates collected from patients with pneumococcal infections from 60 hospitals in 11 Asian countries from 2008 to 2009. Among nonmeningeal isolates, the prevalence rate of penicillin- nonsusceptible pneumococci (MIC,≥4 μg/ml) was 4.6% and penicillin resistance (MIC,≥8 μg/ml) was extremely rare (0.7%). Resistance to erythromycin was very prevalent in the region (72.7%); the highest rates were in China (96.4%), Taiwan (84.9%), and Vietnam (80.7%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 59.3% of isolates from Asian countries. Major serotypes were 19F (23.5%), 23F (10.0%), 19A (8.2%), 14 (7.3%), and 6B (7.3%). Overall, 52.5% of isolates showed PCV7 serotypes, ranging from 16.1% in Philippines to 75.1% in Vietnam. Serotypes 19A (8.2%), 3 (6.2%), and 6A (4.2%) were the most prominent non-PCV7 serotypes in the Asian region. Among isolates with serotype 19A, 86.0% and 79.8% showed erythromycin resistance and MDR, respectively. The most remarkable findings about the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae in Asian countries after the introduction of PCV7 were the high prevalence of macrolide resistance and MDR and distinctive increases in serotype 19A. Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.Publication Metadata only Chemical-free fractionation of palm empty fruit bunch and palm fiber by hot-compressed water technique for ethanol production(2019-11-01) Natchanok Pangsang; Udomsin Rattanapan; Anusith Thanapimmetha; Penjit Srinopphakhun; Chen Guang Liu; Xin Qing Zhao; Feng Wu Bai; Chularat Sakdaronnarong; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Kasetsart University; Mahidol University© 2019 The Authors The purpose of this study was to valorize oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm fiber (PF) from palm oil mills to produce fuel ethanol. Chemical-free fractionation of EFB and PF using hot-compressed water (HCW) pretreatment at temperatures ranging from 150 to 200ºC at 30 bars and reaction times for 5, 15, 25 min was applied to remove most of hemicellulose and partial lignin fractions into liquid phase. Comparison of the effects of different commercial cellulase enzyme complexes (Accellerase 1500, Cellic ® Ctec2, Cellic ® Htec2 and Ctec2＋Htec2) on HCW pretreated materials were investigated. Finally, an inhibitory effect of using the whole slurry from HCW pretreatment of EFB and PF on enzyme hydrolysis and ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5606 was studied. The finding suggested using solely solid fraction from HCW pretreatment for ethanol fermentation, otherwise some additional tannic acid, furfural and acetic acid removal steps are required to prevent the inhibition on yeast growth.Publication Metadata only Clinical impact of methicillin resistance on outcome of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infection: A stratified analysis according to underlying diseases and sites of infection in a large prospective cohort(2010-10-01) Cheol In Kang; Jae Hoon Song; Doo Ryeon Chung; Kyong Ran Peck; Kwan Soo Ko; Joon Sup Yeom; Shin Woo Kim; Hyun Ha Chang; Yeon Sook Kim; Sook In Jung; Jun Seong Son; Po Ren Hsueh; Thomas Man kit So; M. K. Lalitha; Yonghong Yang; Shao Guang Huang; Hui Wang; Quan Lu; Celia C. Carlos; Jennifer A. Perera; Cheng Hsun Chiu; Jien Wei Liu; Anan Chongthaleong; Visanu Thamlikitkul; Hung Van Pham; SungKyunKwan University, School of Medicine; Kyungpook National University Hospital; Chonnam National University; Chonnam National University, College of Medicine; Kyung Hee Medical Center; National Taiwan University Hospital; Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong; Christian Medical College, Vellore; Capital Medical University China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Gokila; University of Colombo; Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID); Mahidol University; University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Madras Medical MissionObjective: This study was conducted to identify the predictors of mortality and to evaluate the impact of methicillin resistance on outcome in patients with . Staphylococcus aureus infection according to underlying conditions and type of infection. Methods: An observational cohort study including 4949 patients with . S. aureus infection was conducted. We compared data from patients with MRSA infection with those with MSSA infection. Results: The 30-day mortality rate of MRSA group was significantly higher than that of MSSA group (15.6% vs. 6.2%, . P < 0.001). However, MRSA infection was not found to be independent risk factor for mortality after adjusting for other variables (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.80-1.32). When we analyzed patients with . S. aureus bacteremia (n = 709), MRSA infection was found to be significantly associated with mortality in multivariate analysis (Adjusted OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.15-2.49). When the 30-day mortality rates were compared according to underlying diseases, the 30-day mortality rate of MRSA group was significantly higher than that of MSSA group in patients with malignancy or renal diseases. MRSA infection was also found to be one of the independent risk factors for mortality in patients with malignancy (adjusted OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.06-2.70) and in those with renal disease (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.0-2.89), after adjustment for host variables. Conclusions: Methicillin resistance adversely affected the outcome of patients with . S. aureus infection, in patients with cancer or renal disease and in those with . S. aureus bacteremia, although MRSA infection was not found to be significantly associated with higher mortality in overall patient population. © 2010 The British Infection Society.Publication Metadata only A combined cellulosic and starchy ethanol and biomethane production with stillage recycle and respective cost analysis(2020-09-01) Punika Puengprasert; Tanida Chalobol; Nusara Sinbuathong; Penjit Srinophakhun; Anusith Thanapimmetha; Chen Guang Liu; Xin Qing Zhao; Chularat Sakdaronnarong; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Kasetsart University; Mahidol University© 2020 Elsevier Ltd To minimize waste generation in ethanol production from starchy and cellulosic feedstocks, the feasibility of stillage recycle to fermentation process was studied. For sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), optimal hot-compressed water (HCW) pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis (10% wt) gave the highest total reducing sugar (TRS) yields of 64.2% and 67.3%, respectively. Ethanol fermentation of SCB, EFB and fresh cassava by Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5606 gave the highest yields of 0.31 g g−1, 0.40 g g−1, and 0.31 g g−1 TRS, respectively. For recycling of SCB and EFB stillage, a slight decline of ethanol yield was found while ethanol yield of cassava significantly increased from 60.8% to 89.9%. The ethanol yields from the 2nd recycle of cassava was still 10% higher than no recycle. Addition of 10%–20% v/v black liquor from lignocellulosic HCW pretreatment into anaerobic digestion system noticeably enhanced the chemical oxygen demand removal and methane production. Analysis of variable operating cost showed that stillage recycles for 20% for fresh cassava and 10% for SCB is cost-effective process for ethanol production.Publication Metadata only Complex effects of wax on ionic liquid pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch(2020-09-15) Qian Liu; Kai Li; Chen Guang Liu; Xin Qing Zhao; Feng Wu Bai; Chularat Sakdaronnarong; Penjit Srinophakun; Thongchai Rohitatisha Srinophakun; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Kasetsart University; Mahidol University© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Wax plays an important role in oil palm as a protective barrier, but it reduces the efficiency of the pretreatments required when this biomass is used as a feedstock for bioethanol production. In this study, ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment and dewaxing were adopted to increase the enzymatic saccharification of the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). The wax showed the complicated effects on IL pretreatment, because glucose yield was significantly improved when OPEFB was pretreated with the acetate-ILs after dewaxing. In contrast to that pretreatment of chloride-ILs did not improve the glucose yield. To elucidate this phenomenon, multiple dimension analyses including composition, cellulose crystallinity, morphology, cellulase accessibility were performed. It was found that the solubility of OPEFB in ILs was the main reason of complex effects of wax on glucose yield. Because, using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM]Ac) which has higher potential solubilization property, removal of wax facilitated the significant rearrangement of internal structure and transformation of crystal cellulose to an amorphous one, resulting in better enzymatic hydrolysis. Whereas, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) with weak dissolution capacity only conferred a negligible structural change of OPEFB with or without the presence of wax. This study exhibits that dewaxing is necessary for wax-rich feedstocks to reach high glucose yield, especially when using ILs with strong solubilization.Publication Metadata only Consensus recommendations by the asian pacific society of cardiology: Optimising cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes(2021-01-01) Jack Wei Chieh Tan; David Sim; Junya Ako; Wael Almahmeed; Mark E. Cooper; Jamshed J. Dalal; Chaicharn Deerochanawong; David Wei Chun Huang; Sofian Johar; Upendra Kaul; Sin Gon Kim; Natalie Koh; Alice Pik Shan Kong; Rungroj Krittayaphong; Bernard Kwok; Bien J. Matawaran; Quang Ngoc Nguyen; Loke Meng Ong; Jin Joo Park; Yongde Peng; David K.L. Quek; Ketut Suastika; Norlela Sukor; Boon Wee Teo; Chee Kiang Teoh; Jian Zhang; Eugenio B. Reyes; Su Yen Goh; Siriraj Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi; Hospital Pulau Pinang; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital; University of the Philippines Manila; University of Santo Tomas, Manila; Hanoi Medical University; National Yang-Ming University Taiwan; Universitas Udayana; Batra Hospital India; Korea University College of Medicine; Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM; NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Veterans General Hospital-Kaohsiung Taiwan; Institut Jantung Negara Kuala Lumpur; Monash University; Singapore General Hospital; Pantai Holdings Sdn Bhd; Kitasato University; Rajavithi Hospital; National Heart Centre, Singapore; Fooyin University Taiwan; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Sengkang General Hospital; Farrer Park Hospital; Kokilaben HospitalThe Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology convened a consensus statement panel for optimising cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in type 2 diabetes, and reviewed the current literature. Relevant articles were appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, and consensus statements were developed in two meetings and were confirmed through online voting. The consensus statements indicated that lifestyle interventions must be emphasised for patients with prediabetes, and optimal glucose control should be encouraged when possible. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease with adequate renal function, and for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. In addition to SGLT2i, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are recommended for patients at high risk of CV events. A blood pressure target below 140/90 mmHg is generally recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes. Antiplatelet therapy is recommended for secondary prevention in patients with atherosclerotic CV disease.Publication Metadata only Designing and implementing sample and data collection for an international genetics study: The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC)(2010-08-01) Joan E. Hilner; Letitia H. Perdue; Elizabeth G. Sides; June J. Pierce; Ana M. Wägner; Alan Aldrich; Amanda Loth; Lotte Albret; Lynne E. Wagenknecht; Concepcion Nierras; Beena Akolkar; Tracey Baskerville; Nines Bautista; Eesh Bhatia; Vijayalakshmi Bhatia; Kamaruzaman Bin Hasan; Francois Bonnici; Thomas Brodnicki; Brian Browning; Fergus Cameron; Katharee Chaichanwatanakul; Pik To Cheung; Peter Colman; Andrew Cotterill; Jenny Couper; Patricia Crock; Ric Cutfield; Tim Davis; Paul Dixon; Kim Donaghue; Katrina Dowling; Paul Drury; Sarah Dye; Shane Gellert; Rohana Abdul Ghani; Ristan Greer; Xueyao Han; Len Harrison; Nick Homatopoulos; Linong Ji; Tim Jones; Loke Kah Yin; Nor Azmi Kamaruddin; Uma Kanga; Alok Kanungo; Gurvinder Kaur; Betty Kek; Simon Knowles; Jeremy Krebs; Neeraj Kumar; Yann Jinn Lee; Xiaoying Li; Supawadee Liktimaskul; Margaret Lloyd; Amanda Loth; Anthony Louey; Narinder Mehra; Tony Merriman; Liu Min; Grant Morahan; Robert Moses; Grant Mraz; Rinki Murphy; Ian Nicholson; Araceli Panelo; Perlita Poh; Gareth Price; Nirubasini Ratnam; Carani Sanjeevi; Saikiran Sedimbi; Shuixian Shen; Goh Siok Ying; Brian Tait; Nikhil Tandon; Allison Thomas; Mike Varney; Praewvarin Weerakulwattana; Jinny Willis; Elvis Abang Akwo; Lotte Albret; Francisco Ampudia-Blasco; Jesus Argente; Magdalena Avbelj; Gulja Babadjanova; Klaus Badenhoop; Tadej Battelino; Georg Beilhack; Regine Bergholdt; Polly Bingley; Bernhard Boehm; Jo Bolidson; Kerstin Brismar; Caroline Brorsson; Joyce Carlson; Luis Castano; Kyla Chandler; Valentino Cherubini; Ondrej Cinek; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Wake Forest University Health Sciences; Hagedorn Research Institute; Hospital Insular, Las Palmas; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; University of Alaska Anchorage; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Mater Hospital; Institute for Study on Diabetes Foundation; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow; National University of Malaysia Hospital; University of Cape Town; University of Auckland; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne; Mahidol University; Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong; Women’s and Children’s Hospital; John Hunter Children’s Hospital; North Shore Hospital; Fremantle Hospital and Health Service; Diabetes Lifestyle Centre; Children's Hospital At Westmead; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Auckland Diabetes Centre; Western Australia Institute for Medical Research; Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Queensland; Peking University; Princess Margaret Hospital for Children; Children's Medical Institute; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Cuttack Diabetes Research Foundation; Diabetes Centre; Mackay Memorial Hospital Taiwan; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Otago; Beijing Children's Hospital; Illawarra Diabetes Services; Institute for Studies on Diabetes Foundation; Mater Medical Research Institute; Karolinska University Hospital; Fudan University; Christchurch Hospital New Zealand; Central Hospital of Yaounde FMBS; Steno Diabetes Center; Clinic University Hospital Valencia; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; University Children’s Hospital; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Klinikum und Fachbereich Medizin Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main; Universitat Ulm; University of Bristol; Malmo University Hospital; Hospital de Cruces; Salesi Hospital; Fakultni Nemocnice v Motole; University Campus Bio-Medico© The Author(s) 2010. Background and Purpose The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) is an international project whose primary aims are to: (a) discover genes that modify type 1 diabetes risk; and (b) expand upon the existing genetic resources for type 1 diabetes research. The initial goal was to collect 2500 affected sibling pair (ASP) families worldwide. Methods T1DGC was organized into four regional networks (Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, and the United Kingdom) and a Coordinating Center. A Steering Committee, with representatives from each network, the Coordinating Center, and the funding organizations, was responsible for T1DGC operations. The Coordinating Center, with regional network representatives, developed study documents and data systems. Each network established laboratories for: DNA extraction and cell line production; human leukocyte antigen genotyping; and autoantibody measurement. Samples were tracked from the point of collection, processed at network laboratories and stored for deposit at National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Central Repositories. Phenotypic data were collected and entered into the study database maintained by the Coordinating Center. Results T1DGC achieved its original ASP recruitment goal. In response to research design changes, the T1DGC infrastructure also recruited trios, cases, and controls. Results of genetic analyses have identified many novel regions that affect susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. T1DGC created a resource of data and samples that is accessible to the research community. Limitations Participation in T1DGC was declined by some countries due to study requirements for the processing of samples at network laboratories and/or final deposition of samples in NIDDK Central Repositories. Re-contact of participants was not included in informed consent templates, preventing collection of additional samples for functional studies. Conclusions T1DGC implemented a distributed, regional network structure to reach ASP recruitment targets. The infrastructure proved robust and flexible enough to accommodate additional recruitment. T1DGC has established significant resources that provide a basis for future discovery in the study of type 1 diabetes genetics.Publication Metadata only Effect of microwave-assisted wet torrefaction on liquefaction of biomass from palm oil and sugarcane wastes to bio-oil and carbon nanodots/nanoflakes by hydrothermolysis and solvothermolysis(2020-07-01) Amornrat Sangjan; Pornthip Ngamsiri; Nikom Klomkliang; Kevin C.W. Wu; Babasaheb M. Matsagar; Sakhon Ratchahat; Chen Guang Liu; Navadol Laosiripojana; Chularat Sakdaronnarong; Suranaree University of Technology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Mahidol University; King Mongkut s University of Technology Thonburi; National Taiwan University© 2020 Elsevier Ltd This study aimed to produce bio-oils from various lignocellulosic biomass, namely palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm fiber (PF), sugarcane bagasse (SB), and sugarcane leaves (SL). Hydrothermal liquefaction, an environmentally benign process, was applied for converting wet bio-resources to bio-oils. The effect of Na2CO3 and La2O3 catalysts were investigated at 300 °C, the results showed higher bio-oil yield from Na2CO3 compared to La2O3. The use of glycerol solvent as a hydrogen donor substantially enhanced bio-oil yield for 300% compared to aqueous solvent. Furthermore, the microwave-assisted wet torrefaction (800 W for 20 min) pretreatment employed for EFB helps to increase aliphatic and aromatic compounds and enhance the light and heavy bio-oils yields to 76.80 wt%. SB and EFB are promising biomass for solvothermolysis liquefaction giving the highest energy ratio. A substantial amount of carbon nanodots and nanoflakes were produced from hydrothermolysis and solvothermolysis liquefaction of EFB with average mean diameters of 49.5 and 100.4 nm, respectively.Publication Metadata only Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level(2020-01-01) Ido Didi Fabian; Elhassan Abdallah; Shehu U. Abdullahi; Rula A. Abdulqader; Sahadatou Adamou Boubacar; Dupe S. Ademola-Popoola; Adedayo Adio; Armin R. Afshar; Priyanka Aggarwal; Ada E. Aghaji; Alia Ahmad; Marliyanti N.R. Akib; Lamis Al Harby; Mouroge H. Al Ani; Aygun Alakbarova; Silvia Alarcón Portabella; Safaa A.F. Al-Badri; Ana Patricia A. Alcasabas; Saad A. Al-Dahmash; Amanda Alejos; Ernesto Alemany-Rubio; Amadou I. Alfa Bio; Yvania Alfonso Carreras; Christiane Al-Haddad; Hamoud H.Y. Al-Hussaini; Amany M. Ali; Donjeta B. Alia; Mazin F. Al-Jadiry; Usama Al-Jumaly; Hind M. Alkatan; Charlotta All-Eriksson; Ali A.R.M. Al-Mafrachi; Argentino A. Almeida; Khalifa M. Alsawidi; Athar A.S.M. Al-Shaheen; Entissar H. Al-Shammary; Primawita O. Amiruddin; Romanzo Antonino; Nicholas J. Astbury; Hatice T. Atalay; La Ongsri Atchaneeyasakul; Rose Atsiaya; Taweevat Attaseth; Than H. Aung; Silvia Ayala; Baglan Baizakova; Julia Balaguer; Ruhengiz Balayeva; Walentyna Balwierz; Honorio Barranco; Covadonga Bascaran; Maja Beck Popovic; Raquel Benavides; Sarra Benmiloud; Nissrine Bennani Guebessi; Rokia C. Berete; Jesse L. Berry; Anirban Bhaduri; Sunil Bhat; Shelley J. Biddulph; Eva M. Biewald; Nadia Bobrova; Marianna Boehme; H. C. Boldt; Maria Teresa B.C. Bonanomi; Norbert Bornfeld; Gabrielle C. Bouda; Hédi Bouguila; Amaria Boumedane; Rachel C. Brennan; Bénédicte G. Brichard; Jassada Buaboonnam; Patricia Calderón-Sotelo; Doris A. Calle Jara; Jayne E. Camuglia; Miriam R. Cano; Michael Capra; Nathalie Cassoux; Guilherme Castela; Luis Castillo; Jaume Català-Mora; Guillermo L. Chantada; Shabana Chaudhry; Sonal S. Chaugule; Argudit Chauhan; Bhavna Chawla; Violeta S. Chernodrinska; Faraja S. Chiwanga; Tsengelmaa Chuluunbat; Krzysztof Cieslik; Ruellyn L. Cockcroft; Codruta Comsa; Zelia M. Correa; Maria G. Correa Llano; Timothy W. Corson; Kristin E. Cowan-Lyn; Monika Csóka; Xuehao Cui; Isac V. Da Gama; Wantanee Dangboon; Hawler Medical University; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy; Instytut "Pomnik - Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka"; University of Tripoli; University Hospital Centre Tirana; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo; Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera; Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell; Muhimbili National Hospital; University of the Philippines Manila; Baghdad Teaching Hospital; University of Baghdad; Children's Hospital Lahore; Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Hedi Raies d'ophtalmologie de Tunis; Calcutta Medical Research Institute; American University of Beirut Medical Center; King Edward Medical University Lahore; Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Port Harcourt; University of Nigeria; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Semmelweis Egyetem; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; University of Iowa; University of California, San Francisco; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois; Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum; University of Louisville; Starship Children's Health; Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn-Rochd; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra; IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; University of Witwatersrand; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hassan II; Keck School of Medicine of USC; Gazi Üniversitesi; King Saud University; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc; Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron; Institutul Oncologic Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu Bucuresti; University Hospital Alexandrovska; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; University of Ilorin; Banaras Hindu University; Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP; Universitäts Klinikum Essen und Medizinische Fakultät; Prince of Songkla University; Tel Aviv University; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Bayero University; Fundacion Hospital de Pediatria Professor Dr. Juan P. Garrahan; Assiut University; Imam Hussein Cancer Center; Etablissement Hospitaliere Specialise Emir Abdelkader CEA Service d'Oncologie Pediatrique; Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery; Mohammed v University; Université Paris Descartes; Queensland Children's Hospital; Basra Specialty Hospital; National Center for Maternal and Child Health; University of Medicine 1; Central Hospital Quelimane; Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital; University of Parakou; PBMA's H. V. Desai Eye Hospital; St. Damien Pediatric Hospital; Teaching Hospital of Treichville; National Centre of Ophthalmology Named after Acad. Zarifa Aliyeva; Beira Central Hospital; Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer; Hospital Sant Joan de Déu; Ministerio de Salud Pública; St Erik Eye Hospital; National Oncology Centre; Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante; Retina Consultants of Houston; Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica; Lighthouse for Christ Eye Centre; Cicendo Eye Hospital; National Hospital of Niamey; Bustamante Hospital for Children; Hospital Infantil Manuel de Jesus Rivera© 2020 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- A nd middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.Publication Metadata only Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy(2012-04-01) Daniel J. Klionsky; Fabio C. Abdalla; Hagai Abeliovich; Robert T. Abraham; Abraham Acevedo-Arozena; Khosrow Adeli; Lotta Agholme; Maria Agnello; Patrizia Agostinis; Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso; Hyung Jun Ahn; Ouardia Ait-Mohamed; Slimane Ait-Si-Ali; Takahiko Akematsu; Shizuo Akira; Hesham M. Al-Younes; Munir A. Al-Zeer; Matthew L. Albert; Roger L. Albin; Javier Alegre-Abarrategui; Maria Francesca Aleo; Mehrdad Alirezaei; Alexandru Almasan; Maylin Almonte-Becerril; Atsuo Amano; Ravi Amaravadi; Shoba Amarnath; Amal O. Amer; Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie; Vellareddy Anantharam; David K. Ann; Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie; Hiroshi Aoki; Nadezda Apostolova; Giuseppe Arancia; John P. Aris; Katsuhiko Asanuma; Nana Y.O. Asare; Hisashi Ashida; Valerie Askanas; David S. Askew; Patrick Auberger; Misuzu Baba; Steven K. Backues; Eric H. Baehrecke; Ben A. Bahr; Xue Yuan Bai; Yannick Bailly; Robert Baiocchi; Giulia Baldini; Walter Balduini; Andrea Ballabio; Bruce A. Bamber; Edward T.W. Bampton; Gábor Bánhegyi; Clinton R. Bartholomew; Diane C. Bassham; Robert C. Bast; Henri Batoko; Boon Huat Bay; Isabelle Beau; Daniel M. Béchet; Thomas J. Begley; Christian Behl; Christian Behrends; Soumeya Bekri; Bryan Bellaire; Linda J. Bendall; Luca Benetti; Laura Berliocchi; Henri Bernardi; Francesca Bernassola; Sébastien Besteiro; Ingrid Bhatia-Kissova; Xiaoning Bi; Martine Biard-Piechaczyk; Janice S. Blum; Lawrence H. Boise; Paolo Bonaldo; David L. Boone; Beat C. Bornhauser; Karina R. Bortoluci; Ioannis Bossis; Frédéric Bost; Jean Pierre Bourquin; Patricia Boya; Michaël Boyer-Guittaut; Peter V. Bozhkov; Nathan R. Brady; Claudio Brancolini; Andreas Brech; Jay E. Brenman; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Pfizer Inc.; MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit; Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto; Linkopings universitet; Universita degli Studi di Palermo; KU Leuven; New York University; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Universite Paris 7- Denis Diderot; York University; Osaka University; The University of Jordan; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Institut Pasteur, Paris; VAAAHS; University of Oxford; Universita degli Studi di Brescia, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia; Scripps Research Institute; Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados; University of Pennsylvania; National Cancer Institute; Ohio State University; Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III; Iowa State University; City of Hope National Med Center; Griffith University; Niigata University; Universitat de Valencia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia; Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Rome; 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Universite Paris Descartes; The Babraham Institute; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences; University of Louisville Health Sciences Center; The Commonwealth Medical College; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center; Yonsei University; Rady Children's Hospital; Centre d'Infection et d'Immunite de Lille; Division of DermatologyLaval UniversityQuebec City; University of Bristol; Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; Cancer Research UK; Incheon National University; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; The Catholic University of Korea; University of Florida; Institut de Recherche sur la Sante, l'Environnement et le Travail; University of Arkansas - Fayetteville; National Cheng Kung University; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Medical University of South Carolina; Rush University Medical Center; 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Tokyo Medical University; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; FONDATION ARC POUR LA RECHERCHE SUR LE CANCER; Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron; International University of Health and Welfare; University of Iowa Healthcare; Plymouth Marine Laboratory; Universidad de Costa Rica; Saitama University; Imperial College London; Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology; Georgetown University Medical Center; IRCCS Saverio de Bellis; University Hospital Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc.; The Wistar Institute; Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza; Tokai University School of Medicine; Kyoto Sangyo University; Tokyo Institute of Technology; University of South Florida, Tampa; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; New York Blood Center; Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; University of Split; National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Riken Brain Science Institute; Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo; Jikei University School of Medicine; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona; University of Hawaii at Manoa; University of Athens; Yonsei University Wonju Campus; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; Universita della Calabria; University of Texas at San Antonio; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore; ETH Zurich; VU University Medical Center; Retrovirus endogenes et elements retroides des eucaryotes superieurs; Tel Aviv University; Jules Stein Eye Institute; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Institut Claudius Regaud; Dynamique Des Microtubules En Physiopathologie; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; IRO-Institute for Research in Ophthalmology; University of Florida College of Dentistry; Columbia University in the City of New York; Cornell University; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; 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Royal North Shore Hospital; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Universitat Bern; Consorzio Mario Negri Sud; The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Mahidol University; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas; Hebei Medical University; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Academy of Athens; UCL; SAIC-Frederick; Instituto Nacional de Cancer; Heinrich Heine Universitat; CASE School of Medicine; Wuhan University; University of the Ryukyus; University of York; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Yokohama City University School of Medicine; University of Exeter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Birmingham; Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria; Okayama University Medical School; University of Cambridge; University of Manchester; University of Southern California; University of Belgrade; UniversitatsSpital Bern; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Jozef Stefan Institute; Francis Marion University; OHSU School of Medicine; IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Universiteit Gent; KU Leuven– University Hospital Leuven; Hospital Clinic Barcelona; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences; Cardiff University; Texas A and M Institute for Biosciences and Technology; North Shore University Hospital; National Tsing Hua University; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Changzheng Hospital; Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences - NCMLS; University of Utah, School of Medicine; House Research Institute; University of Science and Technology of China; University of Sheffield; University Health Network University of Toronto; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; University of Southampton; Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Henan University of Technology; University of Kansas Lawrence; Mayo Clinic; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, FRA; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University; OIST Graduate University; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center; Weis Center for Research; University of Shizuoka; INRA Centre de Recherche de Versailles-Grignon; Chosun University; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Keio University School of Medicine; Toronto General Research Institute University of Toronto; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan; University of Virginia; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing; Leiden University Medical Center - LUMC; University of Newcastle Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Peking University Health Science Center; University of California, Berkeley; Goteborgs Universitet; Max Planck Institut fur Psychiatrie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice; Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli; The Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Universite de Lyon; Panepistimio Kritis; Santo Tomas University; Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz; University of RzeszowIn 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field. © 2012 Landes Bioscience.Publication Metadata only How socioeconomic, health seeking behaviours, and educational factors are affecting the knowledge and use of antibiotics in four different cities in asia(2021-12-01) Susan Ka Yee Chow; Xingjuan Tao; Xuejiao Zhu; Atsadaporn Niyomyart; Edward Choi; Hangzhou Normal University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; The University of Hong Kong; Tung Wah CollegeAntibiotic resistance is occurring widely throughout the world and is affecting people of all ages. Socioeconomic factors, education, use of antibiotics, knowledge of antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance were assessed in four cities in Asia, namely Hong Kong, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Bangkok. A survey using cluster sampling was used in 2021 to collect data on 642 subjects. Hongkongers used less antibiotics and were knowledgeable about using antibiotics to treat diseases, while Shanghainese were knowledgeable about antibiotic resistance. The multi-linear regression model reported that respondents who lived in Hong Kong (β = 0.744 (95% CI: 0.36–1.128), Shanghai (β = 1.65 (95% CI: 1.267–2.032), and Hangzhou (β = 1.393 (95% CI: 0.011–1.775) (reference group: Bangkok), who had higher scores on antibiotics knowledge (β = 0.161 (95% CI: 0.112–0.21)), higher educational attainment (β = 0.46 (95% CI: 0.296–0.625)), and who were more likely to consult a doctor on using antibiotics (β = 1.102 (95% CI: 0.606–1.598)), were more likely to give correct answers about antibiotic resistance, p < 0.001. Older respondents were less likely to answer the items correctly (β = −0.194 (95% CI: −0.333–−0.055), p < 0.01. When educating the public on the proper use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, multiple strategies could be considered for people from all walks of life, as well as target different age groups.Publication Metadata only Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in 95-D lung cancer cells by Drimartol A from hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua(2010-12-01) Dan Dan Zhai; Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana; Jian Jiang Zhong; East China University of Science and Technology; Mahidol University; Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDrimartol A (DA), a sesquiterpene courmarin ether, was isolated from the cultured hairy roots of A. annua for the first time, and no biological activity of DA has ever been reported. In this work, DA was shown to possess interesting cytotoxic activities against the human tumor cell lines of HO8910 (ovary), 95-D (lung), QGY (liver) and HeLa (cervix) by MTT assay, whose IC50 values were ranged within 17.94-22.3 μM for 24h. Given that treatment of lung cancer is a priority of our interest, induction of apoptosis by DA in the human lung tumor cell line 95-D was focused. The 95-D cell growth was inhibited in a time dependent manner and its cell cycle was arrested in the G2 phase by DA. The apoptotic rate of the cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. DA also increased the activity of caspase-9 and -3 and caused a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results revealed that DA could efficiently induce 95-D cell apoptosis through mitochondrial dependent pathway, and it may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent.Publication Metadata only Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human lung carcinoma 95-D cells by a new sesquiterpene from hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua(2010-09-01) D. D. Zhai; K. Supaibulwatana; J. J. Zhong; East China University of Science and Technology; Mahidol University; Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityArtemisia annua is a rich source of many bioactive substances, and in our recent work, a new sesquiterpene, (Z)-7-acetoxy-methyl-11-methyl-3-methylene-dodeca-1,6,10-triene (AMDT), was isolated and identified from hairy roots culture of A. annua, and its bioactivity was characterized in this work. AMDT showed moderate cytotoxic activities against the human tumor cell lines of HO8910 (ovary), 95-D (lung), QGY (liver) and HeLa (cervix) by MTT assay, whose IC50values were ranged within 52.44-73.3μM. As lung cancer is the No. 1 killer of global cancer patients, our interest is to investigate the ability of AMDT in inducing apoptosis of 95-D tumor cells. The 95-D cell growth was inhibited by AMDT, and the flow cytometry analysis showed its cell cycle was arrested in the G1 phase. The apoptotic rate of the cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. AMDT lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the expression of caspase-9 and -3. These results revealed that AMDT could efficiently induce 95-D cell apoptosis through mitochondrial dependent pathway, and it may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent. © 2010 Elsevier GmbH.Publication Metadata only Intracellular Redox Perturbation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Improved Furfural Tolerance and Enhanced Cellulosic Bioethanol Production(2020-06-23) Chen Guang Liu; Kai Li; Ke Yi Li; Chularat Sakdaronnarong; Muhammad Aamer Mehmood; Xin Qing Zhao; Feng Wu Bai; Government College University Faisalabad; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Mahidol University© Copyright © 2020 Liu, Li, Li, Sakdaronnarong, Mehmood, Zhao and Bai. Furfural is a major toxic byproduct found in the hydrolysate of lignocellulosic biomass, which adversely interferes with the growth and ethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current study was focused on the impact of cofactor availability derived intracellular redox perturbation on furfural tolerance. Here, three strategies were employed in cofactor conversion in S. cerevisiae: (1) heterologous expression of NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) from E. coli which catalyzed the NADH to NAD+ and increased the cellular sensitivity to furfural, (2) overexpression of GLR1, OYE2, ZWF1, and IDP1 genes responsible for the interconversion of NADPH and NADP+, which enhanced the furfural tolerance, (3) expression of NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (PNTB) and NAD+ kinase (POS5) which showed a little impact on furfural tolerance. Besides, a substantial redistribution of metabolic fluxes was also observed with the expression of cofactor-related genes. These results indicated that NADPH-based intracellular redox perturbation plays a key role in furfural tolerance, which suggested single-gene manipulation as an effective strategy for enhancing tolerance and subsequently achieving higher ethanol titer using lignocellulosic hydrolysate.Publication Metadata only Mutation spectrum of and founder effects affecting the PTS gene in East Asian populations(2012-02-01) Yen Hui Chiu; Ying Chen Chang; Yu Hsin Chang; Dau Ming Niu; Yan Ling Yang; Jun Ye; Jianhui Jiang; Yoshiyuki Okano; Dong Hwan Lee; Suthipong Pangkanon; Chulaluck Kuptanon; Ngu Lock Hock; Mary Anne Chiong; Barbra V. Cavan; Kwang Jen Hsiao; Tze Tze Liu; National Yang-Ming University Taiwan; Taipei City Hospital Taiwan; Veterans General Hospital-Taipei; Peking University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Guangzhou Maternal and Neonatal Hospital; Osaka City University; Soonchunhyang University, College of Medicine; Rangsit University; Mahidol University; Kuala Lumpur Hospital; University of the Philippines Manila; Children's Clinic and Human Genetics Information Resource Center; Preventive Medicine Foundation; Chang Gung Medical FoundationThe enzyme 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS, gene symbol: PTS) is involved in the second step of the de novo biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which is a vital cofactor of nitric oxide synthases and three types of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases; the latter are important enzymes in the production of neurotransmitters. We conducted a study of PTS mutations in East Asia, including Taiwan, Mainland China, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia. A total of 43 mutations were identified, comprising 22 previously reported mutations and 21 new discovered mutations. Among these, the c.155A > G, c.259C > T, c. 272A > G, c.286G > A and c.84-291A > G mutations were the most common PTS mutations in East Asia, while the c.58T > C and c.243G > A mutations were, respectively, specific to Filipinos and Japanese originating from Okinawa. Further studies demonstrated that each of the mutations listed above was in linkage disequilibrium to a specific allele of polymorphic microsatellite marker, D11S1347. These results suggest the presence of founder effects that have affected these frequent mutations in East Asia populations. In this context, D11S1347 should become one of the most reliable polymorphic markers for use in prenatal diagnosis among PTPS deficient families, especially where mutations are yet to be identified. © 2012 The Japan Society of Human Genetics All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only A novel diterpene agent isolated from Microbispora hainanensis strain CSR-4 and its in vitro and in silico inhibition effects on acetylcholine esterase enzyme(2020-12-01) Chitti Thawai; Nantiya Bunbamrung; Pattama Pittayakhajonwut; Sumet Chongruchiroj; Jaturong Pratuangdejkul; Ya Wen He; Sarin Tadtong; Vipaporn Sareedenchai; Pinidphon Prombutara; Yang Qian; Chulalongkorn University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang; Harbin Institute of Technology; Mahidol University; Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Srinakharinwirot University© 2020, The Author(s). An actinomycete strain CSR-4 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Zingiber montanum. Taxonomic characterization revealed strain CSR-4 was a member of the genus Microbispora. Whole-genome sequence analysis exhibited the highest average nucleotide identity (ANI) value (95.34%) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) value (74.7%) between strain CSR-4 and the closest relative M. hainanensis DSM 45428T, which was in line with the assignment to same species. In addition, a new diterpene compound, 2α-hydroxy-8(14), 15-pimaradien-17, 18-dioic acid, and nine known compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate crude extract of fermentation broth. Interestingly, a new diterpene displayed the suppressive effect on the recombinant human acetylcholinesterase (rhAChE) enzymes (IC50 96.87 ± 2.31 μg/ml). In silico studies based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to predict a binding mode of the new compound into the binding pocket of the rhAChE enzyme and revealed that some amino acids in the peripheral anions site (PAS), anionic subsite, oxyanion site and catalytic active site (CAS) of the rhAChE have interacted with the compound. Therefore, our new compound could be proposed as a potential active human AChE inhibitor. Moreover, the new compound can protect significantly the neuron cells (% neuron viability = 88.56 ± 5.19%) from oxidative stress induced by serum deprivation method at 1 ng/ml without both neurotoxicities on murine P19-derived neuron cells and cytotoxicity against Vero cells.Publication Metadata only Opioids After Surgery in the United States Versus the Rest of the World: The International Patterns of Opioid Prescribing (iPOP) Multicenter Study(2020-12-01) Haytham M.A. Kaafarani; Kelsey Han; Mohamad El Moheb; Napaporn Kongkaewpaisan; Zhenyi Jia; Majed W. El Hechi; Suzanne van Wijck; Kerry Breen; Ahmed Eid; Gabriel Rodriguez; Manasnun Kongwibulwut; Ask T. Nordestgaard; Joseph V. Sakran; Hiba Ezzeddine; Bellal Joseph; Mohammad Hamidi; Camilo Ortega; Sonia Lopez Flores; Bernardo J. Gutierrez-Sougarret; Huanlong Qin; Jun Yang; Renyuan Gao; Zhiguo Wang; Zhiguang Gao; Supparerk Prichayudh; Said Durmaz; Gwendolyn van der Wilden; Stephanie Santin; Marcelo A.F. Ribeiro; Napakadol Noppakunsomboom; Ramzi Alami; Lara El-Jamal; Dana Naamani; George Velmahos; Keith D. Lillemoe; Shanghai Oriental Hospital; Tongji University; American University of Beirut; Hospital do Servidor Publico Estadual; Massachusetts General Hospital; Chulalongkorn University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University; Leiden University Medical Center - LUMC; Changzheng Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; The University of Arizona; Johns Hopkins University; Rede D'Or Hospitals Network; Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio; Hospital Ángeles PedregalOBJECTIVE: The International Patterns of Opioid Prescribing study compares postoperative opioid prescribing patterns in the United States (US) versus the rest of the world. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The US is in the middle of an unprecedented opioid epidemic. Diversion of unused opioids contributes to the opioid epidemic. METHODS: Patients ≥16 years old undergoing appendectomy, cholecystectomy, or inguinal hernia repair in 14 hospitals from 8 countries during a 6-month period were included. Medical records were systematically reviewed to identify: (1) preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics, (2) opioid intake within 3 months preoperatively, (3) opioid prescription upon discharge, and (4) opioid refills within 3 months postoperatively. The median/range and mean/standard deviation of number of pills and OME were compared between the US and non-US patients. RESULTS: A total of 4690 patients were included. The mean age was 49 years, 47% were female, and 4% had opioid use history. Ninety-one percent of US patients were prescribed opioids, compared to 5% of non-US patients (P < 0.001). The median number of opioid pills and OME prescribed were 20 (0-135) and 150 (0-1680) mg for US versus 0 (0-50) and 0 (0-600) mg for non-US patients, respectively (both P < 0.001). The mean number of opioid pills and OME prescribed were 23.1 ± 13.9 in US and 183.5 ± 133.7 mg versus 0.8 ± 3.9 and 4.6 ± 27.7 mg in non-US patients, respectively (both P < 0.001). Opioid refill rates were 4.7% for US and 1.0% non-US patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: US physicians prescribe alarmingly high amounts of opioid medications postoperatively. Further efforts should focus on limiting opioid prescribing and emphasize non-opioid alternatives in the US.Publication Metadata only Prevalence and management of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants: An Asian perspective(2018-01-12) Wei Cai; Lalit Bharadia; Mohammad Juffrie; Fook Choe Cheah; Seng Hock Quak; Vitaya Titapant; Ruurd van Elburg; Thomas Ludwig; Nutricia Research, Netherlands; Nutricia Research, Singapore; Universitas Gadjah Mada; National University Hospital, Singapore; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Santokba Durlabhji Memorial Hospital
