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Publication Open Access Interreligious Dialogue in Thailand and the Philippines: Overview, Trends and Trajectories(2022) Suphatmet Yunyasit; Pablito A. Baybado Jr.This study gives an overview on how inter-religious dialogue (IRD) is used as a tool to transform conflict and build peace in two southeast Asian contexts, the Mindanao of the Philippines and three Southernmost provinces of Thailand where ethnic conflict becomes protracted. The study employs secondary data analysis using both academic articles and reports of activity from various organizations and agencies. It finds out that in both contexts the practice and usage of IRD are shaped by both international trends on IRD and the local actors’ perceptions on conflict and their roles in conflict transformation (CT) and peace building (PB). Most actors regard IRD as a good platform for trust, relationship, and capacity building for the affected communities. In both contexts the elicitive approach in IRD is present. IRD of the Philippines seems to project more vital elicitive traits as there is a stronger and more active involvement of religious leaders and institutions in IRD. In both contexts, IRD is and will be most likely regarded as a part of conflict transformation and peacebuilding schemes by state and non-state actors alike. However, because of its rather indirect and long-term impact to conflict and violent situation, it will most likely not occupy the prime position in those schemes.Publication Open Access Structural-Systemic-Cultural Violence against LGBTQs in the Philippines(2016) Bruce AmorotoWhile the 1987 Philippine Constitution contains humanrights and social justice provisions for everyone certain sections of society still do not equally enjoy all human rights, and socialinequality and social injustice prevail in the country. Filipinolesbians, gays, bakla, bayot, bisexuals, tomboy, transpinys, and queers (LGBTQs), in particular, continue to experience prejudice, discrimi-nation and violence. Forty-six years ago, Johan Galtung argued that Yiolence is present Zhen human Eeings are Eeing influenced so that their actual somatic and mental realizations are below their potential realizations (Galtung, 1969, p. 168). Structural violence, he added, is a type of violence where no actor commits it but is nonetheless built into the structure and shows up as unequal power and consequently as uneven life chances (Galtung, 1969, p. 171). Lastly, Galtung also introduced cultural violence‘ wherein aspects of culture, the symEolic sphere of our e[istence e[emplified Ey religion andideology, language and art, empirical science and formal science areused to justify or legitimize direct or structural violence (Galtung,1990, p. 291). Using Galtung’s framework and human rightsreports and submissions particular to Filipino LGBTQs, this paper a) investigates the existence and prevalence of hate, discrimination, and violence against members of the community and b) argues that the prevalence of such, including the violation of human rights, is systemic, structural and cultural. Investigating the prevalence andthe root causes of hate, discrimination, and violence against LGBTQs is essential for attaining social justice in the Philippines and forfulfilling all human rights of all Filipinos.Publication Open Access Human Rights Education Theory of Change for Learners: Value and Awareness-Socialization Plus Model(2022) Naparat Kranrattanasuit; Yanuar Sumarlan; Manasada NavasiritanarojTeaching human rights can raise awareness of fundamental human rights and freedom of students and others. However, the ultimate teaching goal may appear in the Value and Awareness-Socialization Model and the Activism-Transformation Model to decrease human rights violations and transform students into social change agents. This paper investigates the gaps between the contents of international laws and those of Thai national laws on Human Rights Education (HRE). This paper also explores how lecturers apply the HRE models in their human rights education courses to transform their students to be a part of social change. Apart from the literature review on HRE, this paper applies the narrative research approach and semi-structured interviews collected from students to explore the features of the HRE Course. The findings reveal that the Thai laws and policies on HRE are compliant with international human rights standards. Teaching the HRE Course reveals the areas for the model's improvement because its strategy for decreasing the tendency to violate human rights cannotproduce students as social change agents. Therefore, this paper proposes the Value and Awareness-Socialization Plus Model (the mixture of the abovementioned Models) to mitigate human rights violations and create social change agents.Publication Open Access Contemporary Russia as a Feudal Society: A New Perspective of the Post-Soviet Era by Vladimir Shlapentokh, London: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2007 (Book Review)(2022) Yanuar Sumarlan; James R. RumpiaWhat has happened in post-Soviet Russia that its leader behaves in such a violent manner lately? One of the glimpses that appear rather convincingly from the realm of the political-economic realm is Shlapentok’s Contemporary Russia as a Feudal Society: A New Perspective on the Post-Soviet Era. This book appeared almost immediately after the first signs of ‘re-feudalization’ of post-Soviet Russia popped up in 2006. Vladislav Surkov’s words that Russia is a “sovereign democracy” was refuted by Dmitrii Medvedev in June 2006. It offers a quantum leap beyond this 'little debate' by proving and concluding that post-Soviet Russia is an epitome of a "feudal model". The major features of feudal Europe were similar to those of post-Soviet Russia. The central administration must cooperate with powerful actors, including regional leaders, corporations, and wealthy individuals, as well as churches and other major social actors; in exchange for legitimacy—a commodity provided only by the central administration—various social actors supply the supreme leader with troops, money, and support in the election process . Vassal relations as the basis of feudalism go back to the works of March Bloch (1961) and other, who claimed that such relations are a direct consequence of the weakness of the central state and the dependence of the king on feudal lords and other "big actors". Elements of feudalism in Russia had appeared in the Kyiv State in the ninth century when the king was only seen as a senior among other warriors, told by Russian chroniclers in the twelfth century.Publication Open Access Examining the Impact of SLAPPs on Income Inequality: An In-depth Case Study from Thailand(2023) Chomkate Ngamkaiwan; Kwan Phetsawang; Wannaphong DurongkaverojIn recent decades, Thailand’s impressive economic growth and substantial poverty reduction have been overshadowed by the persistent challenge of income inequality, hindering the nation’s progress. This paper explores the correlation between income inequality and a surge in strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPPs) in Thailand. Drawing on diverse data sources, this study identifies sustained income inequality as a driving force behind the rise in SLAPPs, and vice versa, thus disproportionatelyaffecting economically disadvantaged groups and exacerbating socio-economic disparities. To counteract these trends, the paper advocates reinforcing Thailand’s anti-SLAPP legislation, adopting relevant business initiatives, and fostering active stakeholder engagement to promote a supportive ecosystem for activists and poor, low-income SLAPP victims. These measures are crucial for preserving democratic values, addressing the multifaceted challenges of SLAPPs, and creating a more equitable and participatory societal landscape.Publication Open Access การสานเสวนาในฐานะนวัตกรรมสันติภาพ: สถานภาพความรู้และข้อเสนอแนะ(2565) พลธรรม์ เศียรเมฆัน จันทร์คำ; Poldham Sianmekhun Chancomeบทความวิจัยนี้เป็นข้อค้นพบส่วนหนึ่งของโครงการวิจัยองค์ความรู้และนวัตกรรมของสถาบันสิทธิมนุษยชนและสันติศึกษา (พ.ศ. 2548-2563) มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อนำเสนอองค์ความรู้และนวัตกรรมที่โดดเด่นของสถาบันสิทธิมนุษยชนและสันติศึกษา (สสมส.) ในเรื่องการสานเสวนาว่าเป็นนวัตกรรมในการแก้ไขปัญหาความขัดแย้งรุนแรงทั้งในพื้นที่จังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้และในพื้นที่อื่นๆของประเทศไทย แม้ในบางเวทีการสานเสวนายังไม่มีผลการประเมินได้อย่างชัดเจนถึงผลลัพธ์และผลกระทบ แต่ในหลายเวทีการสานเสวนาก็ก่อให้เกิดผลลัพธ์หรือผลกระทบได้ชัดเจน เช่น การเผยแพร่องค์ความรู้ผ่านการจัดพิมพ์หนังสือ การเปลี่ยนแปลงระดับบุคคล การเปลี่ยนแปลงระดับชุมชน การได้รับเชิญจากผู้รับบริการอย่างกว้างขวาง บทความวิจัยนี้มีข้อเสนอแนะต่อการสานเสวนา 3 ระดับ ได้แก่ 1) ระดับทั่วไป, การสานเสวนาจำเป็นต้องให้ความรู้แก่สังคมอย่างต่อเนื่อง 2) ระดับสถาบัน, สสมส.ควรพัฒนาบุคลากรให้มีทักษะและเรียนรู้เทคนิคใหม่ๆ 3) ระดับนโยบาย, จัดทำยุทธศาสตร์การสานเสวนาเชิงรุกในประเด็นที่สอดคล้องกับความต้องการของชุมชนPublication Open Access The Chilling Effect of SLAPPs on Academic Freedom of University Lecturers in Thailand(2025) Chomkate NgamkaiwanThe increasing use of Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) in Thailand, particularly after the 2014 military coup, presents a significant threat to academic freedom. This study investigates the chilling effect of SLAPPs on the academic freedom of university lecturers in Thailand, focusing on how these legal actions—often disguised as defamation charges or violations of the Computer Crime Act and Thailand’s Criminal Code—are used to suppress critical academic discourse. Through documentary research and case study analysis, this study identifies key impacts on dimensions of academic freedom, including academic expression, financial impact, and institutional autonomy. The findings also highlight that SLAPPs, despite their frequent failure in court, create legal burdens that lead to a chilling effect that stifles intellectual inquiry, fosters self-censorship, and threatens the autonomy of higher education institutions. This study argues that existing legal protections are insufficient to prevent the abuse of SLAPPs and calls for the introduction of comprehensive anti-SLAPP laws. It proposes legal reforms to expedite the resolution of SLAPP cases, minimize the financial burden on victims, and impose significant penalties on those who file meritless lawsuits.Publication Open Access Marginalised Groups and Access to Education: A Case Study of Street Children in Mandalay, Myanmar(2021) Dawt Nei Iang; Suphatmet Yunyasit; Bencharat Sae Chua; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesStreet children in Myanmar have been a long-term concern and a complicated issue, especially in cities like Yangon and Mandalay. Some street children, who live on their own, survive on the streets without adequate shelter, supportive guardians or parental figures. Others work to support their family. They do not have access to health care, food, education or adequate assistance. Trafficking, exploitation and drug addiction are some of the serious risks street children face. Most street children are out not in school and some have never been to school. This article builds on a case study of street children in Mandalay, including interviews with children, parents, social workers, teachers and government officials. The article examines the difficulties faced by street children to access education and analyses the main issues at stake in relation to the international and domestic human rights framework on right to education and the specific situation of street children. Based on this combination of legal sources, literature, observations and interviews, the article makes several recommendations to ensure the protection of the right to education of street children in Myanmar. They all point in the direction of securing funds to support a flexible and multi-partnered approach to ensure street children’s right to access school and their right to education.Publication Open Access Obstructed Engangement with Past Acts of State Violence Among Urban Youth in Post-Conflict Cambodia(2016) Daniel Polomski; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesWhereas there is already a large body of research ontransitional justice mechanisms and their impacts on the Cambodian society, studies mainly focus on survivors and victims. The post-conflict generation remains largely underrepresented 7he mainobjective of this research paper is therefore to advance the under-standing of post -conflict generations' realities Zith regard to past acts of state violence. The paper aims to include voices of the Cam-Eodian youth into the academic discourse. Research findings center around four dimensions - the education system, an inter-generational conflict. the institutionali]ation of fear, and the uni Tue factor of Khmer versus Khmer violence during the Khmer Rouge era - that are considered to have an impact on hoZ CamEodian youth engages Zith (past) acts of state Yiolence Zill form the Easis of the discus-sion. It will be argued that in present day CamEodia the post-conflict generations have only little incentives to engage with the country's history of state violence, as those four dimensions obstruct an active engagement. As a consequence of such an obstructed engagement,a corrosion of the overall process of reconciliation is highly likely.The findings of the paper were established on the Easis of an inductive and qualitative, three-stage process of semi-structured interviews among (n=20) respondents. The convenience sample included Cambodian university students and young professionals between 18 and 26 years of age. who were based in Phnom Penhduring the research. The interviews were recorded and digital transcripts were analyzed based on grounded theory methods.Publication Open Access The Challenge of Bias in Human Rights Field Work Navigating the politics of human rights knowledge production(2021) Michael George Hayes; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesPublication Open Access The Vulnerable Child’s Right to be Ethically Researched(2020) Mark Peter Capaldi; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesPublication Open Access Gender-Based Violence Prevention in Schools in Myanmar: A Study from Taunggyi(2021) Soe Thiri Win; Duanghathai Buranajaroenkij; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesGender-Based Violence (GBV) in schools is a critical and pervasive issue in many countries, including Myanmar. There is persistent concern in preventing GBV and particularly in protecting women and girls. This article examines the understanding of GBV among primary school teachers and the extent of GBV prevention in schools. This research examines forms of GBV occurring in Basic Education High schools in Taunggyi and explores teachers’ responses to GBV in schools from a human rights perspective. For this study 19 educators and a GBV expert were interviewed using in-depth interviews as well as focus group discussions held in two schools. The findings suggest that in order to prevent GBV it is necessary to improve the awareness and knowledge of GBV in schools, not only to ensure students’ safety in school and the surrounding environment but also to equip students with awareness of GBV by integrating it into the school curriculum. It is necessary to improve responses to GBV at the primary school level in terms of policy, activity programmes and curriculum, since schools can play an important role in cultivating a culture of human rights and awareness to prevent GBV which could gradually become embedded in the community and society.Publication Open Access ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการเมืองเรื่องศาสนา อำนาจทางการเมือง และโครงสร้างโอกาสทางการเมือง: กรณีศึกษาคณะปฏิสังขรณ์การพระศาสนาในสมัยเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองของประเทศไทย(2560) วัลลภ กุมรา; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. สถาบันสิทธิมนุษยชนและสันติศึกษาการเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองจากระบอบสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์ เป็นระบอบประชาธิปไตยในฝ่ายอาณาจักร มีผลกระทบต่อโครงสร้างโอกาส ทางการเมืองในฝ่ายศาสนจักรในลักษณะที่เอื้อให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงขั้วอำนาจ ของพระสงฆ์ฝ่ายมหานิกายจากสถานภาพที่เคยเสียเปรียบต่อพระสงฆ์ฝ่าย ธรรมยุติกนิกายจากระบอบอำนาจเก่ามาโดยตลอดให้เปลี่ยนเป็นสถานภาพที่ ได้เปรียบ และส่งผลให้เกิดขบวนการเคลื่อนไหวของกลุ่มพระสงฆฝ่ายมหานิกาย ในนาม “คณะปฏิสังขรณ์การพระศาสนา” ที่สามารถเคลื่อนไหวท้าทายและ เรียกร้องให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองในศาสนจักรได้สำเร็จอย่างที่ไม่เคย เกิดขึ้นมาก่อน จึงกล่าวได้ว่า โครงสร้างโอกาสทางการเมืองอันเนื่องมาจาก การเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองเป็นระบอบประชาธิปไตยเอื้อต่อการเคลื่อนไหว เรียกร้องของคณะปฏิสังขรณ์การพระศาสนาให้อยู่ในจังหวะเวลาที่เหมาะสมกับ สภาวการณ์ทางการเมืองให้ประสบผลสำเร็จได้ไม่ยากPublication Open Access ผู้หญิงกับสันติภาพ(2562) ฆอซาลี อาแว; Ghazalee Awae; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. สถาบันสิทธิมนุษยชนและสันติศึกษาPublication Open Access บทเรียนสันติภาพข้ามทศวรรษในเนปาลผ่านมุมมองของจอห์น พอล เลเดอรัค (บทวิจารณ์หนังสือ)(2561) รัฐวิศว์ เอื้อประชานนท์; Ratawit Ouaprachanon; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. สถาบันสิทธิมนุษยชนและสันติศึกษาPublication Open Access A Model of Engaging Teachers with the Prevention of Trafficking of Migrant Children: Case Study of Samut Sakhon, Thailand(2017) Naparat Kranrattanasuit; Yanuar Sumarlan; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesChild labor exploitation in Samut Sakhon has been a perennial problem in Thailand. Migrant children’s public schools and learning centers have offered alternative educational thresholds to keep them in school longer to reduce child labor exploitation. However, these children tend to drop out of school early to become full-time laborers because of their families’ financial needs. This research presents a school-based anti-trafficking prevention program created through participatory action research in which elementary school teachers teach migrant students about the potential of migrant child exploitation. Through producing an Anti-Human Trafficking Handbook, this research raises awareness and knowledge to prevent the untoward exploitation. Previously, no other context-specific anti-human trafficking handbook co-produced by teachers and researchers exists. This research emphasizes a model that enhances serious collaboration of the teachers, students, and the research team to create an Anti-Child Trafficking Handbook with lessons and activities suited for their specific needs. The main contribution of this article to educational knowledge is the revelation of challenges that such prevention programs applicable to foreigners’ children might face from the state (policy), university (educational programs), or even among the educators themselves, both Thai or non-Thai.Publication Open Access The Dichotomy of Religion and Sexualities within ASEAN Member States(2020) Mark Peter Capaldi; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesDespite the ASEAN region being religiously diverse, those of differing sexualities have generally faced conservative interpretations of religious doctrines that cloak aspects of sexuality within a discourse of immorality and sin. Based upon an in-depth literature review of secondary data, this article focuses on the region’s principle religions (Islam, Buddhism and Christianity) and explores the generally polarising nature of their relationship with sexuality. By examining the constructions of sexuality within the region the paper illustrates how theology, legal frameworks and juridical corpuses have been used to justify the prohibition – and in some cases criminalization – of same-sex practices. Detailing how these structures, systems and patterns deprive LGBTQ persons from full enjoyment of their human rights it is shown how in many cases these may act as justification for various forms of discrimination, violence and abuse. The paper concludes by suggesting that theoretical frameworks for understanding such conflict can be researched and used to identify conflict resolution strategies that build upon religious values such as tolerance, compassion and nonviolence.Publication Open Access Engendering Sedition: Ethel Rosenberg, Daranee Charnchoengsilpakul and the Courage of Refusal(2020) Coeli Barry; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesPublication Open Access เมื่อเด็ก ป. 4 ร่วมสรรค์สร้างสันติสุขโลก (บทวิจารณ์หนังสือ)(2559) รัฐวิศว์ เอื้อประชานนท์; Ratawit Ouaprachanon; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. สถาบันสิทธิมนุษยชนและสันติศึกษาPublication Open Access Implementing Free, Compulsory Primary Education (FCPE) in an Urban Setting in Myanmar: A Perspective on Challenges for and Strategies of State and Non-State Actors in Three Townships of Yangon Aye Mar Win(2021) Aye Mar Win; Suphatmet Yunyasit; Mahidol University. Institute of Human Rights and Peace StudiesFree, Compulsory Primary Education (FCPE) is a basic human right and if implemented properly, can enhance a country’s socio-economic development and stability. This study mainly focuses on the perspective of state and non-state actors on the implementation of FCPE in Myanmar, in three townships of Yangon. It also pays particular attention to the roles of a group of stakeholders, namely education officers at central, district and township levels, parents, parent-teacher associations, and the schools, seeking to know how they participate in fulfilment of this policy. Challenges for FCPE as perceived by these stakeholders are presented in the study. The research employs a qualitative research approach, targeting three schools in different townships in Yangon and selecting 17 state and non-state actors as interview subjects. The study finds that in the three townships the implementation of FCPE seems to run rather smoothly with effective collaboration between state and non-state actors. Schools, in particular, attempt to make sure access to primary education is possible for all children in the area. They cooperate with ward administrations for necessary documentation for children to be able to register at schools and with Parent-Teacher Associations (PTA) in creating a friendly atmosphere for students, including providing them with nutritious food. Teachers at schools are also asked to monitor and assist children from poor family backgrounds. Schools also seek to assist children that could not attend school during regular hours by arranging non-formal primary education (NFPE) for them.