Mother-to-child transmission of GB virus C in a cohort of women coinfected with GB virus C and HIV in Bangkok, Thailand

Abstract

Background. GB virus C (GBV-C) is an apathogenic virus that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vitro. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of GBV-C has been observed in multiple small studies. Our study examined the rate and correlates of MTCT of GBV-C in a large cohort of GBV-C-HIV-coinfected pregnant women in Thailand. Methods. Maternal delivery plasma specimens from 245 GBV-C-HIV-infected women and specimens from their infants at 4 or 6 months of age were tested for GBV-C RNA. Associations with MTCT of GBV-C were examined using logistic regression. Results. One hundred one (41%) of 245 infants acquired GBV-C infection. MTCT of GBV-C was independently associated with maternal antiretroviral therapy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.21 [95% confidence interval )CI(, 2.12-12.81]), infant HIV infection (AOR, 0.05 [95% CI, 0.01-0.26]), maternal GBV-C load (≥8.0 log10copies/ mL: AOR, 86.77 [95% CI, 15.27-481.70]; 7.0-7.9 log10copies/mL: AOR, 45.62 [95% CI, 8.41-247.51]; 5.0-6.9 log10copies/mL: AOR, 9.07 [95% CI, 1.85-44.33]: reference, <5 log10viral copies/mL), and caesarean delivery (AOR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.12-0.59]). Conclusions. Associations with maternal GBV-C load and mode of delivery suggest transmission during pregnancy and delivery. Despite mode of delivery being a common risk factor for virus transmission, GBV-C and HIV were rarely cotransmitted. The mechanisms by which maternal receipt of antiretroviral therapy might increase MTCT of GBV-C are unknown. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.