Publication:
Estimated dietary sodium intake in Thailand: A nationwide population survey with 24-hour urine collections

Issued Date

2021-04-01

Resource Type

Article

ISSN

17517176
15246175

DOI

10.1111/jch.14147

Other identifier(s)

2-s2.0-85099038521

Rights

Mahidol University

Rights Holder(s)

SCOPUS

Bibliographic Citation

Journal of Clinical Hypertension. Vol.23, No.4 (2021), 744-754

Suggested Citation

Worawon Chailimpamontree, Surasak Kantachuvesiri, Wichai Aekplakorn, Raweewan Lappichetpaiboon, Nintita Sripaiboonkij Thokanit, Prin Vathesatogkit, Ananthaya Kunjang, Natthida Boonyagarn, Penmat Sukhonthachit, Narinphop Chuaykarn, Patthrapon Sonkhammee, Payong Khunsaard, Phassakon Nuntapanich, Pattaraporn Charoenbut, Comsun Thongchai, Apinya Uttarachai, Wisrut Kwankhoom, Fuangfah Rattanakanahutanon, Krich Ruangchai, Nadchar Yanti, Natnapa Sasang, Sushera Bunluesin, Renu Garg Estimated dietary sodium intake in Thailand: A nationwide population survey with 24-hour urine collections. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. Vol.23, No.4 (2021), 744-754. doi:10.1111/jch.14147 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/78333

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Title

Estimated dietary sodium intake in Thailand: A nationwide population survey with 24-hour urine collections

Author(s)

Worawon Chailimpamontree
 Surasak Kantachuvesiri
 Wichai Aekplakorn
 Raweewan Lappichetpaiboon
 Nintita Sripaiboonkij Thokanit
 Prin Vathesatogkit
 Ananthaya Kunjang
 Natthida Boonyagarn
 Penmat Sukhonthachit
 Narinphop Chuaykarn
 Patthrapon Sonkhammee
 Payong Khunsaard
 Phassakon Nuntapanich
 Pattaraporn Charoenbut
 Comsun Thongchai
 Apinya Uttarachai
 Wisrut Kwankhoom
 Fuangfah Rattanakanahutanon
 Krich Ruangchai
 Nadchar Yanti
 Natnapa Sasang
 Sushera Bunluesin
 Renu Garg

Other Contributor(s)

Ramathibodi Hospital
 Songkhla Rajabhat University
 Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University
 Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University
 Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya
 World Health Organization, Thailand
 Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University
 Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
 Thailand Ministry of Public Health
 Fort Nawamintharachini Hospital
 Chandrubeksa hospital
 Nephrology Society of Thailand
 Chiang Rai College

Abstract

Thailand has committed to reducing population sodium intake by 30% by 2025. However, reliable nationally representative data are unavailable for monitoring progress toward the goal. We estimated dietary sodium consumption using 24-hour urinary analyses in a nationally representative, cross-sectional population-based survey. We selected 2388 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) from the North, South, North-east, Central Regions, and Bangkok, using multi-stage cluster sampling. Mean sodium excretion was inflated by 10% to adjust for non-urinary sources. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with sodium consumption ≥ 2000 mg. Among 1599 (67%) who completed urine collection, mean age was 43 years, 53% were female, and 30% had hypertension. Mean dietary sodium intake (mg/day) was 3636 (±1722), highest in South (4108 ± 1677), and lowest in North-east (3316 ± 1608). Higher sodium consumption was independently associated with younger age (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 2.81; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.53-5.17; p =.001); higher education (AOR 1.79; 95% CI: 1.19-2.67; p =.005), BMI ≥ 25 (AOR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.09-2.21; p=.016), and hypertension (AOR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02-2.44; p =.038). Urine potassium excretion was 1221 mg/day with little variation across Regions. Estimated dietary sodium consumption in Thai adults is nearly twice as high as recommended levels. These data provide a benchmark for future monitoring.

Keyword(s)

Medicine

Availability

URI

https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/78333

Collections

Scopus 2021