Intrinsic toxicity of stable nanosized titanium dioxide using polyacrylate in human keratinocytes

Abstract

© 2018, The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicoproteomics and Springer Nature B.V. Backgrounds: Trends in the use of an anticoagulant as a dispersing stabilizer are addressed. An effective approach to preparing stable nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO 2 ) for accurate and systematic assessment of nano- toxicity has not been established. Methods: Among the dispersants tested here, it was found that sodium polyacrylate (PAA) was the most effective dispersant for nTiO 2 in culture media. Our study was the first to demonstrate that a stable PAA-dispersed nTiO 2 (nTiO 2 /PAA) suspension showed more toxic than nTiO 2 without PAA in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Results: Initially, MTT results showed that the stable nTiO 2 /PAA dispersion exhibited significantly greater cytotoxicity than nTiO 2 without PAA. In addition, the stable nTiO 2 /PAA dispersion induced markedly more oxidative stress than nTiO 2 without PAA. Importantly, the stable nTiO 2 /PAA dispersion caused DNA breakage to a greater extent than nTiO 2 without PAA. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the anti-coagulant PAA is suitable for preparing homologous dispersed nTiO 2 under realistic physiological culture test conditions.