A study of risk factors associated with the presence of oral potentially malignant disorders: a community-based study from Northeastern Thailand
Issued Date
2024-12-01
Resource Type
eISSN
14726831
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85200952753
Journal Title
BMC Oral Health
Volume
24
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
BMC Oral Health Vol.24 No.1 (2024)
Suggested Citation
Chiewwit P., Khovidhunkit S.o.P., Tantipoj C., Worakhajit P., Klongnoi B. A study of risk factors associated with the presence of oral potentially malignant disorders: a community-based study from Northeastern Thailand. BMC Oral Health Vol.24 No.1 (2024). doi:10.1186/s12903-024-04554-6 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/100542
Title
A study of risk factors associated with the presence of oral potentially malignant disorders: a community-based study from Northeastern Thailand
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Corresponding Author(s)
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Abstract
Background: The principal objective of this study is to ascertain the connections between well-known risk factors of oral cancer, including smoking (cigarette and tobacco), alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, irritations in the oral cavity, history of head and neck cancer, and history of working outdoor more than 4 days/week, and the presence of OPMDs within the Thai population. Method: 349,318 subjects were recruited for initial screening, then 1,483 subjects who had at least 1 risk factor and a suspicious lesion underwent comprehensive oral examinations followed by a clinical diagnosis and then received initial treatment from either oral surgeons or oral medicine specialists. Among these subjects, individuals with at least 1 risk factor and with a clinical diagnosis of OPMDs were classified as cases, while those with at least 1 risk factor but without OPMDs were categorized as controls. The case group comprised a total of 487 subjects, whereas the control group consisted of 996 subjects. Exclusion criteria were known cases of currently having oral cancer or OPMDs. Results: The outcomes of the multivariate analysis revealed that among the variables assessed, betel quid (adjusted OR 5.12 [3.93–6.68], p < 0.001) and smoking (adjusted OR 1.46 [1.08–1.97], p = 0.013), there were an association with the presence of OPMDs. Conversely, alcohol drinking, having irritations in the oral cavity, a history of head and neck cancer, and a history of working outdoors more than 4 days/week were not associated with the presence of OPMDs. Furthermore, we also study the synergistic effect of alcohol drinking, irritations in the oral cavity, history of head and neck cancer, and history of working outdoors more than 4 days/week using subgroup analysis. The analysis showed that alcohol consumption combined with smoking or betel quid chewing expressed a significantly increased risk of OPMDs, from 1.46 to 2.03 (OR 2.03 [1.16–3.56], p = 0.014) and from 5.12 to 7.20 (OR 7.20 [3.96–13.09], p < 0.001). Conclusion: Smoking and exposure to betel quid were a significant risk factors for the presence of OPMDs. The combination of alcohol with smoking or betel quid chewing was also found to increase the risk of OPMDs in this Thai northeastern population.