Impact of 3 G rice on plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormones in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes: A non-randomized experimental study
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Issued Date
2025-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
1871403X
eISSN
18780318
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85219576525
Journal Title
Obesity Research and Clinical Practice
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Obesity Research and Clinical Practice (2025)
Suggested Citation
Chaichana C., Pramyothin P., Treesuwan W., Jangtawee P., Yindeengam A., Kaewmanee S., Vanavichit A., Krittayaphong R. Impact of 3 G rice on plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormones in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes: A non-randomized experimental study. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice (2025). doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2025.02.010 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/106637
Title
Impact of 3 G rice on plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormones in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes: A non-randomized experimental study
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of a novel grain variety 3 G rice compared to traditional white rice on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and gastrointestinal hormones in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: A non-randomized experimental study was conducted with 20 participants with obesity (without diabetes) and 20 patients with T2D. Each participant consumed meals containing 50 g of carbohydrates from either 3 G rice or white rice. Plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormone levels were measured at baseline and intervals up to 120 min post-consumption. Results: Among participants with obesity, plasma glucose levels were significantly lower at 90 and 120 after 3 G compared to white rice (0.52 ± 0.04 vs. 2.58 ± 0.37 mmol/L, p < 0.001 at 90 min and 0.06 ± 0.02 vs. 1.47 ± 0.26 mmol/L, p = 0.003 at 120 min). In contrast, plasma insulin levels were markedly higher following 3 G rice consumption at 90–120 min (p = 0.003). Gastrointestinal hormones were significantly elevated after 3 G rice intake compared to white rice, with GLP-1 levels showing sustained increases from 60 to 120 min (p = 0.019). In T2D patients, 3 G rice consumption led to a modest reduction in plasma glucose at 120 min (5.15 ± 0.49 mmol/L for white rice vs. 3.57 ± 0.35 mmol/L for 3 G rice, p = 0.0262) without significant effect on other parameters. Conclusion: 3 G rice significantly improved postprandial glycemic control and enhanced gastrointestinal hormone responses in individuals with obesity. These findings highlight the promise of 3 G rice as a dietary intervention for managing postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity.