Temporal correlations between RBD-ACE2 blocking and binding antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals and their persistence in COVID-19 patients
1
Issued Date
2025-12-01
Resource Type
eISSN
20452322
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105004363555
Journal Title
Scientific Reports
Volume
15
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Scientific Reports Vol.15 No.1 (2025)
Suggested Citation
Poolchanuan P., Matsee W., Dulsuk A., Phunpang R., Runcharoen C., Boonprakob T., Hemtong O., Chowplijit S., Chuapaknam V., Siripoon T., Pisutsan P., Piyaphanee W., Khongsiri W., Kosoltanapiwat N., Tan L.V., Dunachie S., Tan C.W., Wang L.F., Chantratita W., Luvira V., Chantratita N., Sette A., Grifoni A., Ngoc N.M., Boonthaworn K., Poomchaichote T., Cheah P.Y., Day N.P.J., Iamsirithaworn S., Tiacharoen V., Junpirom A., Chantima W., Dejnirattisai W., Dien R., Simarmata E., Tayipto Y., Suwarti, Lim B.L., Yap W.C., Lin-Fa W., Hill J., Abraham P., Zewdie M., Kronsteiner-Dobramysl B., Stuart D.I., Jones E.Y., Klenerman P., Dunachie S.J., Selvaraj M., Supasa P., Liu C., Das R., Dijokaite-Guraliuc A., Screaton G., Mongkolsapaya J., Shankar A., Hamers R.L., Thwaites G., Tung T.S., Doorn H.R.v., Thwaites C.L., Hoang T.C., Thanh V.D., Chambers M., Thao N.T., Hoang V.T., Kieu P.T., Hang V.T.T., Yen L.M., Anh N.T., Thanh T.T., Nhu L.N.T., Thuy C.T., Nguyet L.A., Thanh L.K., Han D.D.K., Ny N.T.H., Truc T.H.C., Hong N.T.T. Temporal correlations between RBD-ACE2 blocking and binding antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals and their persistence in COVID-19 patients. Scientific Reports Vol.15 No.1 (2025). doi:10.1038/s41598-025-98627-3 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/110067
Title
Temporal correlations between RBD-ACE2 blocking and binding antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals and their persistence in COVID-19 patients
Author(s)
Poolchanuan P.
Matsee W.
Dulsuk A.
Phunpang R.
Runcharoen C.
Boonprakob T.
Hemtong O.
Chowplijit S.
Chuapaknam V.
Siripoon T.
Pisutsan P.
Piyaphanee W.
Khongsiri W.
Kosoltanapiwat N.
Tan L.V.
Dunachie S.
Tan C.W.
Wang L.F.
Chantratita W.
Luvira V.
Chantratita N.
Sette A.
Grifoni A.
Ngoc N.M.
Boonthaworn K.
Poomchaichote T.
Cheah P.Y.
Day N.P.J.
Iamsirithaworn S.
Tiacharoen V.
Junpirom A.
Chantima W.
Dejnirattisai W.
Dien R.
Simarmata E.
Tayipto Y.
Suwarti
Lim B.L.
Yap W.C.
Lin-Fa W.
Hill J.
Abraham P.
Zewdie M.
Kronsteiner-Dobramysl B.
Stuart D.I.
Jones E.Y.
Klenerman P.
Dunachie S.J.
Selvaraj M.
Supasa P.
Liu C.
Das R.
Dijokaite-Guraliuc A.
Screaton G.
Mongkolsapaya J.
Shankar A.
Hamers R.L.
Thwaites G.
Tung T.S.
Doorn H.R.v.
Thwaites C.L.
Hoang T.C.
Thanh V.D.
Chambers M.
Thao N.T.
Hoang V.T.
Kieu P.T.
Hang V.T.T.
Yen L.M.
Anh N.T.
Thanh T.T.
Nhu L.N.T.
Thuy C.T.
Nguyet L.A.
Thanh L.K.
Han D.D.K.
Ny N.T.H.
Truc T.H.C.
Hong N.T.T.
Matsee W.
Dulsuk A.
Phunpang R.
Runcharoen C.
Boonprakob T.
Hemtong O.
Chowplijit S.
Chuapaknam V.
Siripoon T.
Pisutsan P.
Piyaphanee W.
Khongsiri W.
Kosoltanapiwat N.
Tan L.V.
Dunachie S.
Tan C.W.
Wang L.F.
Chantratita W.
Luvira V.
Chantratita N.
Sette A.
Grifoni A.
Ngoc N.M.
Boonthaworn K.
Poomchaichote T.
Cheah P.Y.
Day N.P.J.
Iamsirithaworn S.
Tiacharoen V.
Junpirom A.
Chantima W.
Dejnirattisai W.
Dien R.
Simarmata E.
Tayipto Y.
Suwarti
Lim B.L.
Yap W.C.
Lin-Fa W.
Hill J.
Abraham P.
Zewdie M.
Kronsteiner-Dobramysl B.
Stuart D.I.
Jones E.Y.
Klenerman P.
Dunachie S.J.
Selvaraj M.
Supasa P.
Liu C.
Das R.
Dijokaite-Guraliuc A.
Screaton G.
Mongkolsapaya J.
Shankar A.
Hamers R.L.
Thwaites G.
Tung T.S.
Doorn H.R.v.
Thwaites C.L.
Hoang T.C.
Thanh V.D.
Chambers M.
Thao N.T.
Hoang V.T.
Kieu P.T.
Hang V.T.T.
Yen L.M.
Anh N.T.
Thanh T.T.
Nhu L.N.T.
Thuy C.T.
Nguyet L.A.
Thanh L.K.
Han D.D.K.
Ny N.T.H.
Truc T.H.C.
Hong N.T.T.
Author's Affiliation
Siriraj Hospital
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
Duke-NUS Medical School
University of Oxford
NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok
Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Thailand Ministry of Public Health
Huachiew Chalermprakiet University
La Jolla Institute for Immunology
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Prachatipat Hospital
Vichaivej International Hospital
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
Duke-NUS Medical School
University of Oxford
NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok
Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Thailand Ministry of Public Health
Huachiew Chalermprakiet University
La Jolla Institute for Immunology
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Prachatipat Hospital
Vichaivej International Hospital
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in protection against SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the correlation between binding and functional antibodies is essential to determine whether binding antibody levels can reliably predict neutralizing activity. We assessed antibody responses in 111 individuals vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac and 111 COVID-19 patients in Thailand. Plasma levels of ACE2-blocking antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-Co-V2 variants were measured before vaccination and at 14 and 28 days after the second dose using a multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test. Anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were quantified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and anti-RBD IgG by ELISA. After vaccination, blocking, anti-spike, and IgG antibody levels increased but declined rapidly within a month, whereas antibody levels in COVID-19 patients increased and persisted. Blocking and anti-spike antibody correlated at day 14 post-vaccination but not at day 28. In COVID-19 patients, correlations were moderate at day 14, and stronger at day 28. Correlations were weaker for Omicron subvariants than for the ancestral strain and non-Omicron variants. The weak correlation between blocking and anti-RBD IgG suggests binding antibodies might not predict neutralizing activity. These findings highlight the temporal nature of CoronaVac-induced immunity and the need for booster doses and variant-adapted vaccine.