Toward Understanding Neurodegeneration Using Brain Organoids
Issued Date
2022-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
21968985
eISSN
21968993
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105010587510
Journal Title
Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
Volume
71
Start Page
91
End Page
107
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Vol.71 (2022) , 91-107
Suggested Citation
Wongtrakoongate P., Pakiranay C., Kitiyanant N. Toward Understanding Neurodegeneration Using Brain Organoids. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Vol.71 (2022) , 91-107. 107. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93056-1_5 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/111354
Title
Toward Understanding Neurodegeneration Using Brain Organoids
Author(s)
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Introduction: With the advancement of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), several brain regions have been modelled through brain organoids that resemble their in vivo counterparts of the human brain in terms of cellular heterogeneity and gene expression. The models can be used for molecular pathogenesis studies of neurodegenerative diseases and can be combined with many recent technologies such as optogenetics, CRISPR/cas9, patch-clamp, or on-a-chip system to create more precise models of brain development and diseases. Moreover, personalised organoids derived from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can also be used to develop personalised treatment. This chapter introduces the principles of brain organoid formation and the potential uses of brain organoids for modelling neurodegenerative diseases, drug development, and personalised medicine. Methods: We performed a literature review in PubMed (https://www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) using the keywords brain organoids; neural differentiation; neurodegeneration; personalised medicine. Conclusions: Personalised brain organoids, which can be derived by several approaches and coupled with genome editing such as CRISPR-Cas9, have proved to be powerful tools for in vitro studies of early human brain development and pathogenesis. Future treatment of incurable neurodegenerative disorders should ideally be tailored to individual patients to obtain optimal efficacy. To this end, using in vitro patient-specific models of neuroectodermal tissues will allow for such customised treatment personalised medicine.