The Efficacy of Deep Learning Model on Sex Estimation in Patellae for A Thai Population
Issued Date
2025-12-02
Resource Type
eISSN
22288082
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105023840926
Journal Title
Siriraj Medical Journal
Volume
77
Issue
12
Start Page
829
End Page
846
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Siriraj Medical Journal Vol.77 No.12 (2025) , 829-846
Suggested Citation
Honghimaphan S., Rattanachet P., Chatthai N., Jitrabeab P., Ruengdit S., Mann R.W., Sangchay N. The Efficacy of Deep Learning Model on Sex Estimation in Patellae for A Thai Population. Siriraj Medical Journal Vol.77 No.12 (2025) , 829-846. 846. doi:10.33192/smj.v77i12.277048 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/113472
Title
The Efficacy of Deep Learning Model on Sex Estimation in Patellae for A Thai Population
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Corresponding Author(s)
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Abstract
Objective: This study investigates the sexual dimorphism in the patellae to develop sex estimation equations and determine the accuracy using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) classification models. Materials and Methods: The sample of 250 pairs of patellae from the Siriraj Anatomical and Anthropological Bone Research Center (Si-AABRC) were measured for eight parameters. The data were statistically analysed using logistic regression model alongside, ML and DL were used to predict the best classifiers in sex classification. Rather than traditional radiographic images, this paper tries a novel integration of photographic images. Results: The average values for each parameter were significantly larger in males than females (p < 0.05), suggesting the presence of sexual dimorphism within the patellae between each sex. The most dimorphic parameter was Transverse Diameter of Articular Facet (TDAF). The parameters in females showed no significant difference between left and right except for Breadth of the Medial Articular Facet (BMAF). However, in males a significant difference was observed for Maximum Height (MAXH), Transverse Diameter of Articular Facet (TDAF) and Breadth of the Lateral Articular Facet (BLAF). The logistic regression equation generated included the following parameters: MAXH (R), BLAF (L), and TDAF (L). The overall accuracy obtained for different sex estimation models ranged from 80%, 80% to 86% and 49.7% to 79.2% using logistic regression, ML and DL, respectively. Conclusion: The patellae can be utilized by forensic anthropologists in determining the sex of an unknown individual.