ETL-free and HTL-free perovskite solar cell as the simplified power source for energy-frugal indoor IoTs
Issued Date
2026-06-01
Resource Type
eISSN
25901230
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105036124055
Journal Title
Results in Engineering
Volume
30
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Results in Engineering Vol.30 (2026)
Suggested Citation
Kamjam N., Choodam K., Sukpan N., Kittikool T., Seriwattanachai C., Kamnoedmanee S., Hu Y., Supruangnet R., Nakajima H., Kaewprajak A., Kumnorkaew P., Wongratanaphisan D., Ruankham P., Pakawatpanurut P., Kanjanaboos P. ETL-free and HTL-free perovskite solar cell as the simplified power source for energy-frugal indoor IoTs. Results in Engineering Vol.30 (2026). doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.110377 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/116360
Title
ETL-free and HTL-free perovskite solar cell as the simplified power source for energy-frugal indoor IoTs
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer a promising pathway toward low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaics. However, conventional PSCs require at least two charge transport layers (ETL and HTL), increasing fabrication complexity and cost. ETL-free PSCs present a cost-effective alternative but suffer from energy-level misalignment at the perovskite/electrode interface, leading to charge recombination and efficiency losses. Recent studies have employed interfacial modifications to improve energy alignment, yet these still retain multilayer structures. In this work, we developed a simplified, fully ETL- and HTL-free PSC architecture (FTO/Cs<inf>0.1</inf>(FA<inf>0.88</inf>MA<inf>0.12</inf>)Pb(I<inf>0.7</inf><inf>0</inf>Br<inf>0.3</inf><inf>0</inf>)(CsFAMA1.7 eV)/Phenethyl ammonium iodide (PEAI)/Carbon) via introducing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIM Ac) into the perovskite layer, causing better energy level alignment, reduced trap density, and improved crystallinity. The fully striped-down structure surprisingly achieves an efficiency of 12.53% under 1000 lux, sufficient to be a battery replacement for indoor energy frugal IoTs, while lowering production costs by minimizing layers and processing steps. Our findings highlight ultra-lean PSCs, which comprise of only perovskite and two electrodes, demonstrating the simplified solar cell structure, which is fully capable of powering indoor IoT applications.