A novel non-enzymatic creatinine sensor for detection in human urine via analyte-responsive one-step electrodeposition and electrochemical sensing (OS-EES)
Issued Date
2026-08-01
Resource Type
ISSN
0026265X
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105040340072
Journal Title
Microchemical Journal
Volume
227
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Microchemical Journal Vol.227 (2026)
Suggested Citation
Ngamaroonchote A., Japrung D., Sathirapongsasuti N., Karn-orachai K. A novel non-enzymatic creatinine sensor for detection in human urine via analyte-responsive one-step electrodeposition and electrochemical sensing (OS-EES). Microchemical Journal Vol.227 (2026). doi:10.1016/j.microc.2026.118551 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/117111
Title
A novel non-enzymatic creatinine sensor for detection in human urine via analyte-responsive one-step electrodeposition and electrochemical sensing (OS-EES)
Corresponding Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
This study reports a proof-of-concept non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for creatinine detection based on a novel analyte-responsive approach, termed one-step electrodeposition and electrochemical sensing (OS-EES). In this strategy, Pd–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are electrodeposited in simply processed real urine samples, allowing direct interaction between creatinine and highly active NPs during deposition. This drives in-situ formation of Pd–Cu–creatinine complexes, which alter the electrode's surface structure and electrochemical behavior, resulting in distinct oxidation currents. The sensor exhibits a wide, clinically relevant linear detection range of 0–452 mg/dL added creatinine in real urine, covering normal and elevated urinary creatinine levels, with RSD below 2.2% and a limit of detection (LOD) of 13.54 mg/dL, supporting reliable quantification in real urine samples of varying color and pH (5.3–6.4) with minimal sample preparation, including filtration and standardized dilution. Mechanistic insights show enhanced performance arises from early-stage interaction, synergistic Pd–Cu effects, preferential creatinine binding at Pd-rich sites, and amplification by residual Pd<sup>2+</sup>/Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions. Importantly, OS-EES demonstrates feasibility in real urine, integrating fabrication and sensing into a single electrochemical run to provide a rapid, versatile, and reliable platform for creatinine monitoring via simplified sample handling. Beyond creatinine, this analyte-responsive approach may be extended to other analytes and metallic-based systems, opening new opportunities for next-generation electrochemical sensors in practical analytical applications.