Conserved Candidate Antigens and Nanoparticles to Develop Vaccine against Giardia intestinalis
Issued Date
2023-01-01
Resource Type
eISSN
2076393X
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85146759095
Journal Title
Vaccines
Volume
11
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Vaccines Vol.11 No.1 (2023)
Suggested Citation
Sangkanu S., Paul A.K., Chuprom J., Mitsuwan W., Boonhok R., de Lourdes Pereira M., Oliveira S.M.R., Wilairatana P., Rahmatullah M., Wiart C., Nawaz M., Sin C., Kayesth S., Nissapatorn V. Conserved Candidate Antigens and Nanoparticles to Develop Vaccine against Giardia intestinalis. Vaccines Vol.11 No.1 (2023). doi:10.3390/vaccines11010096 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/81976
Title
Conserved Candidate Antigens and Nanoparticles to Develop Vaccine against Giardia intestinalis
Author's Affiliation
Deshbandhu College
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
University of Puthisastra
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
Walailak University
Universidade de Aveiro
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
University of Tasmania
CICECO – Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro
University of Development Alternative
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
University of Puthisastra
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
Walailak University
Universidade de Aveiro
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
University of Tasmania
CICECO – Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro
University of Development Alternative
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis (Giardia lambia, Giardia duodenalis) infections in humans may be asymptomatic or symptomatic and associated with diarrhea (without blood), abdominal cramps, bloating, flatulence, and weight loss. The protozoan Giardia is the third most common cause of diarrhea and death in children under five, preceded only by rotavirus and by Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis infections. Antimicrobial drugs, particularly 5-nitroimidazole (5-NIs), are used to treat giardiasis in humans. Immunologically naive or immunocompromised host are more vulnerable to Giardia infection, whereas a degree of resistance to this protozoan is present in humans living in endemic areas. This suggests that vaccination may be a potential and appropriate means to control this parasitic disease outbreak and protect the human population. This review discusses Giardia antigens related to vaccine development. Additionally, based on the latest development of nanoparticle technology, a combination of methods for future research and development is proposed for the design of the next generation of powerful immunogens and an effective vaccine against Giardia.