A retrospective cohort study of major adverse cardiac events in children affected by Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms in Thailand
1
Issued Date
2022-01-01
Resource Type
eISSN
19326203
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85123584996
Pubmed ID
35085339
Journal Title
PLoS ONE
Volume
17
Issue
1 January
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
PLoS ONE Vol.17 No.1 January (2022)
Suggested Citation
Santimahakullert K., Vijarnsorn C., Wongswadiwat Y., Chanthong P., Khrongsrattha S., Panamonta M., Chan-On P., Durongpisitkul K., Chungsomprasong P., Kanjanauthai S., Soongswang J. A retrospective cohort study of major adverse cardiac events in children affected by Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms in Thailand. PLoS ONE Vol.17 No.1 January (2022). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263060 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/86652
Title
A retrospective cohort study of major adverse cardiac events in children affected by Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms in Thailand
Author's Affiliation
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common form of vasculitis in children that can be complicated by coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). Data of long-term outcomes and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in children with CAAs following KD in developing country are limited. Our aims were to determine the rates of MACE and identify risk factors associated with MACE in children with KD and CAAs in Thailand. We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 170 children diagnosed with KD and CAAs in two tertiary hospitals between 1994 and 2019. During a median (range) follow-up of 5.4 years (22 days to 23 years), 19 patients (11.2%) experienced MACE, that included 12 coronary artery bypass grafting, 2 percutaneous coronary intervention and 5 children with evidence of myocardial ischemia and coronary occlusion. Coronary interventions were performed at a median time of 4 years (0.01 to 9.5 years) after KD diagnosis. Forty-nine patients (28.8%) had giant CAAs. No MACE was reported in children with small CAAs. Independent risks of MACE were from the absence of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (HR 7.22; 95% CI 2.21 to 23.59; p = 0.001), the presence of giant aneurysms (HR 13.59; 95% CI 2.43 to 76.09; p = 0.003), and CAAs that involved bilateral branches of coronary arteries (HR 6.19; 95% CI 1.24 to 30.92; p = 0.026). Among children with giant CAAs, the intervention-free rate was 93.8%, 78.7% and 52.2%, at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Of note, 81% of the small CAAs regressed to a normal size, and for medium CAAs, 50% regressed to normal size. Overall, ∼10% of children with CAAs following KD experienced MACE in this cohort. Timely IVIG treatment in children with KD following symptom onset will reduce the risk of MACE. Cautious surveillance to identify cardiac complications should be recommended for children once medium or giant CAAs develop.