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Publication Metadata only Contraction regulates site-specific phosphorylation of TBC1D1 in skeletal muscle(2010-10-15) Kanokwan Vichaiwong; Suneet Purohit; Ding An; Taro Toyoda; Niels Jessen; Michael F. Hirshman; Laurie J. Goodyear; Joslin Diabetes Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Mahidol University; Kyoto University; Arhus UniversitetshospitalTBC1D1 (tre-2/USP6, BUB2, cdc16 domain family member 1) is aRab-GAP (GTPase-activating protein) that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, but little is known about TBC1D1 regulation and function. We studied TBC1D1 phosphorylation on three predicted AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation sites (Ser231, Ser660 and Ser 700) and one predicted Akt phosphorylation site (Thr590) in control mice, AMPKα2 inactive transgenic mice (AMPKα2i TG) and Akt2-knockout mice (Akt2 KO). Muscle contraction significantly increased TBC1D1 phosphorylation on Ser231 and Ser660, tended to increase Ser700 phosphorylation, but had no effect on Thr590. AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside) also increased phosphorylation on Ser231, Ser660 and Ser700, but not Thr 590, whereas insulin only increased Thr590 phosphorylation. Basal and contraction-stimulated TBC1D1 Ser231, Ser660 and Ser700 phosphorylation were greatly reduced in AMPKα2i TG mice, although contraction still elicited a small increase in phosphorylation. Akt2 KO mice had blunted insulin-stimulated TBC1D1 Thr 590 phosphorylation. Contraction-stimulated TBC1D1 Ser231 and Ser660 phosphorylation were normal in high-fat-fed mice. Glucose uptake in vivo was significantly decreased in tibialis anterior muscles overexpressing TBC1D1 mutated on four predicted AMPK phosphorylation sites. In conclusion, contraction causes site-specific phosphorylation of TBC1D1 in skeletal muscle, and TBC1D1 phosphorylation on AMPK sites regulates contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. AMPK and Akt regulate TBC1D1 phosphorylation, but there must be additional upstream kinases that mediate TBC1D1 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. © 2010 The Author(s).Publication Metadata only Influence of temperature annealing on optical properties of SrTiO3/BaTiO3 multilayered films on indium tin oxide(2010-05-01) T. Supasai; S. Dangtip; P. Learngarunsri; N. Boonyopakorn; A. Wisitsoraat; Satreerat K. Hodak; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Thailand National Electronics and Computer Technology CenterWe have prepared SrTiO3/BaTiO3 thin films with multilayered structures deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass by a sol-gel deposition and heating at 300-650° C. The optical properties were obtained by UV-vis spectroscopy. The films show a high transmittance (approximately 85%) in the visible region. The optical band gap of the films is tunable in the 3.64-4.19 eV range by varying the annealing temperature. An abrupt decrease towards the bulk band gap value is observed at annealing temperatures above 600° C. The multilayered film annealed at 650° C exhibited the maximum refractive index of 2.09-1.91 in the 450-750 nm wavelength range. The XRD and AFM results indicate that the films annealed above 600° C are substantially more crystalline than the films prepared at lower temperatures which were used to change their optical band gap and complex refractive index to an extent that depended on the annealing temperature. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Immunosuppressive effects of cucurbitacin B on human peripheral blood lymphocytes(2010-11-18) Yaowalak U-Pratya; Usaneeporn Lueangamornnara; Weena Jiratchariyakul; Tanawan Kummalue; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Mahidol UniversityThis study investigates the immunomodulating effects of cucurbitacin B, a Thai herbal plant; isolated from Trichosanthes cucumerima L., on PHA-stimulated human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). Stimulated PBMCs were cultured in the presence or absence of cucurbitacin B and then markers of cell activation were measured. The results showed that 0.5 and 0.25 μg/ml of cucurbitacin B significantly inhibited the expression of CD69+CD3+, and CD25+CD3+ whereas no significant inhibition from 0.05 μg/ml of cucurbitacin B was detected. The secretion of TNF-α from stimulated PBMC was significantly inhibited by cucurbitacin B. After 24 h of incubation, the total Cytotoxic Lymphocyte (CTL) activity was significantly reduced by 0.5 μg/ml of cucurbitacin B when compared to the control group (9.83 ± 0.95 and 40.63 ± 2.93, P = 0.0033) or compared with Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation (9.83 ± 0.95 and 70.09 ± 3.35, P < 0.0001). A similar pattern of CTL activity was found after 48 and 72 h of incubation. In conclusion, cucurbitacin B inhibited PBMC activation by PHA. This study provides evidences that cucurbitacin B could be used as immunosuppressive agent. © 2010 Academic Journals.Publication Metadata only Detection of non-amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic DNA using piezoelectric DNA-based biosensors(2010-03-01) Thongchai Kaewphinit; Somchai Santiwatanakul; Chamras Promptmas; Kosum Chansiri; Srinakharinwirot University; Mahidol UniversityPiezoelectric DNA-based biosensor technology was developed as a new method for detection of M. tuberculosis. This method consists of immobilizing a thiol-modified oligonucleotide probe on the gold electrode surface of a quartz crystal, using a selfassembled monolayer method. The advantage of this study is that a non-amplified genomic bacterial DNA target was used. Instead, the genomic DNA was digested by restriction enzyme to obtain DNA fragments containing the target sequence. The fabricated biosensor was evaluated through an examination of 200 samples. No cross hybridization were observed against M. avium complex and other microorganisms. This target DNA preparation, without PCR amplification, will reduce time, costs, and the tedious step of amplification. © 2010 by the authors.Publication Metadata only Human-landing patterns of anopheles dirus sensu lato (Diptera: Culicidae) in experimental huts treated with DDT or deltamethrin(2010-09-01) Naritsara Malaithong; Suppaluck Polsomboon; Pisit Poolprasert; Achariya Parbaripai; Michael J. Bangs; Wannapa Suwonkerd; Jinrapa Pothikasikorn; Pongthep Akratanakul; Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap; Kasetsart University; Public Health and Malaria Control Department, Papua; Thailand Ministry of Public Health; Mahidol UniversityAnopheles dirus females landing on humans inside experimental huts treated with residual applications of DDT or deltamethrin were observed during the wet season in Pu Teuy Village, Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Two identical experimental huts were constructed in the fashion of typical local rural Thai homes. Pretreatment (baseline) human-landing collections (HLC) in both huts showed an early evening peak of activity between 1900 and 2000 h with no significant difference in numbers of mosquitoes captured between huts over a period of 30 collection nights. During posttreatment HLC, female mosquitoes continued to show greater landing activity inside huts fitted with insecticide-treated panels during the first half of the evening compared with the second half. A greater number (proportion) of An. dims females landed on humans in the hut treated with deltamethrin compared with DDT. Comparing pre- and posttreatment HLC, the DDT-treated hut showed a 79.4% decline in attempted blood feeding, whereas exposure to deltamethrin resulted in a 56.3% human-landing reduction. An odds ratio was performed to demonstrate the relative probability (risk) of mosquitoes entering and attempting to blood feed in the two treated huts compared with untreated control huts. Mosquitoes were ≈times less likely to land on humans inside a DDT-treated hut compared with the deltamethrin-treated hut. Although both chemicals exerted strong excitatory responses, DDT appears to have a more pronounced and significant (P = 0.002) effect on behavior than deltamethrin, resulting in greater movement away from the insecticide source and thus potential reduction of blood-feeding activity. © 2010 Entomological Society of America.Publication Metadata only Triazolyl tryptoline derivatives as β-secretase inhibitors(2010-11-15) Jutamas Jiaranaikulwanitch; Chantana Boonyarat; Valery V. Fokin; Opa Vajragupta; Mahidol University; Khon Kaen University; Scripps Research InstituteTryptoline, a core structure of ochrolifuanine E, which is a hit compound from virtual screening of the Thai herbal database against BACE1 was used as a scaffold for the design of BACE1 inhibitors. The tryptoline was linked with different side chains by 1,2,3-triazole ring readily synthesized by catalytic azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. Twenty two triazolyl tryptoline derivatives were synthesized and screened for the inhibitory action against BACE1. JJCA-140 was the most potent inhibitor (IC50= 1.49 μM) and was 100 times more selective for BACE1 than for Cat-D. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Systematic review of statins for the prevention of vascular dementia or dementia(2010-04-01) Weerasak Muangpaisan; Carol Brayne; University of Cambridge; Mahidol UniversityAim: Non-hypolipidemic effects of statins, known as pleiotropic effects, are likely to explain the effect of statins on dementia. Results of the relationship between statins and dementia in previous studies are conflicting. There is no systematic review investigating the effect of statins on vascular dementia (VaD). This systematic review evaluates the role of statins in the prevention of VaD or dementia. The possible causes of conflicting results in the existing published work will be explored. Methods: Relevant studies were systematically identified and reviewed. The Cochrane Controlled Trials and three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycInfo) were searched. The selection criteria were defined a priori. Included studies were rated by quality assessment checklists and two independent reviewers. Results: Six studies in dementia, two studies in VaD (one study reported both dementia and VaD) and two meta-analyses met the selection criteria. The studies covered 1372 cases of dementia from 14 430 participants and 116 cases of VaD from 4924 participants from the USA and UK. There was no association between statin use and risk of VaD. The protective effect of statins on dementia was demonstrated only in a nested case-control study of lower quality and one recently published cohort study. In most other cohort and high quality studies, statin use did not show a beneficial effect. Conclusion: Study design differences among the studies and methodological shortcomings may have resulted in different outcomes. On the basis of these conflicting results, statins could not be recommended as a preventative treatment for dementia. © 2010 Japan Geriatrics Society.Publication Metadata only Application of recombinant SMR-domain containing protein of angiostrongylus cantonensis in immunoblot diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis(2010-07-01) Apichat Vitta; Timothy P. Yoshino; Thareerat Kalambaheti; Chalit Komalamisra; Jitra Waikagul; Jiraporn Ruangsittichai; Paron Dekumyoy; Mahidol University; University of Wisconsin Madison, School of Veterinary MedicineThe aim of this study was to find novel proteins expressed from an Angiostrongylus cantonensis adult female worm cDNA library for serodiagnosis of angiostrongyliasis. An immuno-dominant clone, fAC22, was identified by immunoscreening with pooled positive sera from proven angiostrongyliasis patients. The clone contained an open reading frame of 2,136 bp encoding a 80.5 kDa protein with a predicted isoelectric point of 5.8. The deduced amino acid sequence (712 amino acids) contained the conserved domain of Small mutS related (Smr) superfamily protein, with similarity with the Smr domain protein of Brugia malayi. The fusion His-tagged 81 kDa recombinant protein expressed as inclusion body in Escherichia coli was solubilized and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography for use in immunoblot analysis. Its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in immunodiagnostic test was 93.5, 91.5, 79.0 and 97.5%, respectively. Although some cross-reactivity of the antigen was observed among gnathostomiasis, bancroftian filariasis, ascariasis, echinococcosis, paragonimiasis and opisthorchiasis, sera from 14 other infections were all negative. These data indicate its possible application in immunodiagnosis of clinically suspected angiostrongyliasis.Publication Metadata only Pharmacokinetics of artemether and dihydroartemisinin in healthy Pakistani male volunteers treated with artemether-lumefantrine(2010-10-13) Shabana Ali; Muzammil H. Najmi; Joel Tarning; Niklas Lindegardh; National University of Sciences and Technology Pakistan; Mahidol University; Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineBackground. Artemether-lumefantrine is one of the most widely used anti-malarial drug combinations in the world with excellent tolerability and cure rates in adult and paediatric patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of artemether and its active metabolite, dihydroartemisinin, in healthy Pakistani volunteers. Methods. Twelve healthy male Pakistani subjects, aged 20 to 50, were recruited into the study. A fixed oral combination of artemether-lumefantrine (80-480 mg) was given as a single oral dose. Frequent blood samples were collected and artemether and dihydroartemisinin were quantified in human plasma using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Drug concentration-time data were evaluated with non-compartmental analysis. Results. Observed maximum concentrations (mean SD) of artemether and dihydroartemisinin were 184 100 ng/mL and 126 46 ng/mL, respectively. These concentrations were reached at 1.56 0.68 hr and 1.69 0.59 hr, respectively, after drug intake. The terminal elimination half-life of artemether and dihydroartemisinin were 2.00 0.71 hr and 1.80 0.31 hr, respectively. Apparent volume of distribution and oral clearance for artemether were estimated to 666 220 L and 257 140 L/hr. The same parameters were estimated to 702 220 L and 269 57 L/hr for dihydroartemisinin. Conclusions. The overall pharmacokinetic properties of artemether and dihydroartemisinin in healthy Pakistani subjects are comparable to healthy subjects and patients from other populations. © 2010 Ali et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Publication Metadata only Successful strategy to improve glucose tolerance in Thai obese youth.(2010-11-01) Nawaporn Numbenjapon; Pairunyar Nakavachara; Jeerunda Santiprabhob; Pornpimol Kiattisakthavee; Renu Wongarn; Supawadee Likitmaskul; Mahidol UniversityChildhood obesity is an emerging national health problem in Thailand. Our previous study found that one third of obese children and adolescents had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 2.6 percent had already developed type 2 diabetes mellitus. An immediate strategy needs to be established in order to improve these metabolic problems. To determine whether diet and exercise education for lifestyle modification with or without metformin therapy in our diabetes clinic is enable to improve these metabolic problems. Twenty-six Thai obese children and adolescents with IGT, who received at least 6 months of treatment consisting of lifestyle modification alone or lifestyle modification and metformin (combined treatment) were enrolled into this study. Each patient underwent the second 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Plasma glucose, insulin levels, HbA1C and lipid profiles were measured. The results were compared with historical pre-treatment data. Approximately 1 year after intervention, 19 out of 26 patients with IGT completed the second 2-hour OGTT. Sixteen patients (84.2%) successfully reversed to be normal glucose tolerance whereas 3 patients (15.8%) remained IGT. Body mass index (BMI), BMISDS, 2-hour plasma glucose, basal insulin level, 2-hour insulin level were significantly decreased after treatment in normal OGTT group (Ps < 0.05). Treatment with lifestyle modification alone and combined treatment indifferently improved the abnormal glucose tolerance in our patient (83.3% vs. 84.6%). Impaired glucose tolerance in obese youth is a reversible abnormality by lifestyle modification with or without metformin.Publication Metadata only Hybrid EEG-EOG brain-computer interface system for practical machine control(2010-12-01) Yunyong Punsawad; Yodchanan Wongsawat; Manukid Parnichkun; Mahidol University; Asian Institute of Technology ThailandPractical issues such as accuracy with various subjects, number of sensors, and time for training are important problems of existing brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. In this paper, we propose a hybrid framework for the BCI system that can make machine control more practical. The electrooculogram (EOG) is employed to control the machine in the left and right directions while the electroencephalogram (EEG) is employed to control the forword, no action, and complete stop motions of the machine. By using only 2-channel biosignals, the average classification accuracy of more than 95% can be achieved. © 2010 IEEE.Publication Metadata only A systematic review and meta-analysis of tumor necrosis factor -308 polymorphism and Kawasaki disease(2010-08-01) Sakda Arj-Ong; Ammarin Thakkinstian; Mark McEvoy; John Attia; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; Mahidol University; University of Newcastle, AustraliaBackground: There have been genetic studies assessing the association between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α- 308 and Kawasaki disease (KD) but the results have been conflicting due to lack of power. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to increase the power for identifying the association between the TNF-α- 308 polymorphism and KD. Method: Studies were identified from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and were included if the subjects were children and the frequencies between TNF - 308 and KD were reported. Data were pooled using a random effect model if heterogeneity between studies was present. Results: Thirteen studies were identified however only six studies were included. The pooled prevalence of minor A allele was 5.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1%-9.5%). Gene effect was assessed using per-allele and per-genotype approaches. The pooled odds ratio of G versus A with the random effect model was 1.13 (95%CI: 0.34-3.27). The genotype effects for GG versus GA+AA was estimated and the pooled odds ratio was 1.08 (95%CI: 0.42-2.92). Conclusion: This review suggests a trend of association between the TNF-α-308 G-allele and KD. However, the gene effects are heterogeneous and assessing sources of heterogeneity are limited. An updated meta-analysis is needed if more studies are published. © 2010 Japan Pediatric Society.Publication Metadata only Migration and agricultural production in Kanchanaburi, Thailand(2010-12-01) Sureeporn Punpuing; Philip Guest; Mahidol UniversityPublication Metadata only Reduction of surface friction of natural rubber film coated with PMMA particle: Effect of particle size(2010-03-15) Waranya Anancharungsuk; Wirach Taweepreda; Supa Wirasate; Rattaporn Thonggoom; Pramuan Tangboriboonrat; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla UniversityThe friction coefficient of the sulphurprevulcanized natural rubber (SPNR) film could be effectively reduced by deposition of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles. The nanoscale surface roughness of rubber, determined by atomic force microscope, was directly proportional to the particle size of PMMA particle at 12% surface coverage (Cs). The %Cs and surface roughness of the modified SPNR increased, while the friction coefficient decreased, with increasing PMMA latex concentration and immersion time. By using a mixture of latexes having both large and small sizes, the increase in the amount of small particles resulted in the better distribution of large particles deposited on the rubber surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Publication Metadata only Thai speech recognition using double filter banks for basic voice commanding(2010-12-16) Pisit Phokharatkul; Kriengkrai Nantanitikorn; Supachai Phaiboon; Mahidol UniversityThis paper describes the methodology to recognize Thai speech words by integrating two approaches e.g., Double filter banks and Euclidian distance in a feature extraction and the recognition processes, respectively. Firstly, the speech signals are transformed into the 3-dimension of signal or spectrogram. The spectrogram displays energy information along both time and frequency axes. Secondly, the frequencies to be within the bin spread and correlated them with each triangular filter. Thus, each bin holds a weighted sum, and represents the spectral magnitude in that filter bank channel. Finally, the filter banks are normalized into the normalized bank for comparison between the entry signal of word and various words of dictionary. The Euclidian distance is used to measure the similarity between them. The system was evaluated for its accuracy and stability in performing various conditions. The accuracy was tested with 9, 000 speeches from several volunteers. The average accuracy rate is about 96.3 %. The results show that the evaluation was beyond satisfaction for every aspect. © 2010 IEEE.Publication Metadata only Self-assembling into interconnected nanoribbons in thin films of hairy rod poly(9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene): Effects of concentration, substrate and solvent(2010-06-01) Rakchart Traiphol; Nipaphat Charoenthai; Toemsak Srikhirin; Dvora Perahia; Center for Innovation in Chemistry; Mahidol University; Clemson UniversityThis study utilizes atomic force microscopy to investigate the self-assembling behaviors from dilute solution into thin film of a well-known conjugated polymer, poly(9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene) (PF2/6). We have found that the structures of nanoscale aggregates depend on various experimental parameters including concentration, substrate and solvent. The self-assembling of PF2/6 from 0.05 mg/mL solution in toluene onto SiOx/Si substrate results in the formation of interconnected nanoribbons with thickness and width of about 20 and 150 nm, respectively. Varying polymer concentration and type of substrate (SiOx/Si or mica) significantly affects the nanoscale structures. The change of solvent to chlorobenzene, a slightly more polar solvent with slower evaporation rate, causes the growth of ribbon width to micron size with slight increase of the thickness. When the solvents with higher evaporation rate (i.e. chloroform and dichloromethane) are used, densely packed nanoribbons are obtained. Its width also grows to micron size. The measurements of UV/vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra detect some discrepancies in pattern, reflecting the variation of local chain organization within thin films prepared by using different solvents. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Developments and applications of mass microscopy(2010-03-01) Mitsutoshi Setou; Kamlesh Shrivas; Morakot Sroyraya; Hyunjeong Yang; Yuki Sugiura; Junji Moribe; Akira Kondo; Koji Tsutsumi; Yoshishige Kimura; Nobuya Kurabe; Takahiro Hayasaka; Naoko Goto-Inoue; Nobuhiro Zaima; Koji Ikegami; Prasert Sobhon; Yoshiyuki Konishi; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Mahidol UniversityWe have developed a mass microscopy technique, i.e., a microscope combined with high-resolution matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS), which is a powerful tool for investigating the spatial distribution of biomolecules without any time-consuming extraction, purification, and separation procedures for biological tissue sections. Mass microscopy provides clear images about the distribution of hundreds of biomolecules in a single measurement and also helps in understanding the cellular profile of the biological system. The sample preparation and the spatial resolution and speed of the technique are all important steps that affect the identification of biomolecules in mass microscopy. In this Award Lecture Review, we focus on some of the recent developments in clinical applications to show how mass microscopy can be employed to assess medical molecular morphology. © The Japanese Society for Clinical Molecular Morphology 2010.Publication Metadata only Review on global co-transmission of human Plasmodium species and Wuchereria bancrofti by Anopheles mosquitoes(2010-03-01) S. Manguin; M. J. Bangs; J. Pothikasikorn; T. Chareonviriyaphap; IRD Centre de Montpellier; Public Health and Malaria Control Department, Papua; Mahidol University; Kasetsart UniversityMalaria and lymphatic filariasis are two of the most common mosquito-borne parasitic diseases worldwide which can occur as concomitant human infections while also sharing common mosquito vectors. This review presents the most recent available information on the co-transmission of human Plasmodium species and Wuchereria bancrofti by Anopheles mosquitoes. Important biological and epidemiological aspects are also described including the lifecycle of each parasite species and their specificities, the geographical biodiversity of each pathogen and their vectors where the parasites are co-endemic, and biological, environmental and climatic determinants influencing transmission. The co-transmission of each disease is illustrated from both a global perspective and a country level using Thailand as a study case. Different diagnostic methods are provided for the detection of the parasites in biological samples ranging from traditional to more recent molecular methods, including methodologies employing concomitant detection assays of W. bancrofti and Plasmodium spp. parasites. The relevant issues of combined malaria and Bancroftian filariasis control strategies are reviewed and discussed. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Accurate BER analysis of downlink DS/CDMA multicellular systems in Nakagami fading(2010-07-30) Pongsatorn Sedtheetorn; Mahidol UniversityThis paper presents an accurate analysis of bit error rate for a downlink DS/CDMA multicellular system in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Nakagami fading channel. Based on Improved Gaussian Approximation (IGA) technique, we propose an exact bit error rate expression. In addition, for a special case of Nakagami fading when the fading index becomes unity, we extend the analysis to include the effect of intracell interference, which is the consequence of losing orthogonality among the transmissions within the same cell. This facilitates us to introduce an explicit closed-form expression of the error rate that accounts for both intracell as well as intercell interferences. The proposed expressions are very useful for accurately investigating the impacts of orthogonality, propagational condition and severity of fading level on bit error rate.Publication Metadata only Drivers of trust in relational service exchange: Understanding the importance of cross-cultural differences(2010-11-01) Jan H. Schumann; Florian V. Wangenheim; Anne Stringfellow; Zhilin Yang; Sandra Praxmarer; Fernando R. Jiménez; Vera Blazevic; Randall M. Shannon; G. Shainesh; Marcin Komor; Technical University of Munich; Thunderbird School of Global Management; City University of Hong Kong; Universitat Bamberg; University of Texas at El Paso; Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen; Mahidol University; Indian Institute of Management Bangalore; University of Economics in KatowiceCustomer trust is of vital importance for relationship marketing in services. Service providers increasingly market their services globally, yet few researchers have addressed differences in customer trust across cultures. Our research fills this void by proposing a model, based on existing trust literature, that suggests the overall feeling of trust in the service provider depends on customers' beliefs about service providers' ability, benevolence, predictability, and integrity. The model, tested in a banking context with data from 2,284 customers in 11 countries, explains trust well across culturally diverse countries. The results of a hierarchical linear model, however, show that customers differ in the way they build trust in their service provider across cultures. Moderating effects of the cultural values of the target group largely explain this variation. Only the effect of ability on trust is robust across countries. Global service firms should consider all four trust drivers when striving to build trust. The emphasis they put on each of these trust drivers, however, should differ across countries. When applying these principles to the design of marketing activities or market segmentation, marketing managers should collect data on the cultural values of their specific target groups in particular countries or cultural milieus. © The Author(s) 2010.